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Henri Bergson, futur Prix Nobel de Littérature, aborda le XXe siècle en refusant le monde mécaniste de la physique classique et du déterminisme triomphant. Sa réaction contre le scientisme, où l'existence de l'esprit et de la liberté était remise en cause, l'amena à réfléchir sur le concept de temps.

"Le titre de cette conférence est "L'âme et le corps", c'est-à-dire la matière et l'esprit, c'est-à-dire tout ce qui existe et même, s'il faut en croire une philosophie dont nous parlerons tout à l'heure, quelque chose aussi qui n'existerait pas. Mais rassurez-vous. Notre intention n'est pas d'approfondir la nature de la matière, pas plus d'ailleurs que la nature de l'esprit. On peut distinguer deux choses l'une de l'autre, et en déterminer jusqu'à un certain point les rapports, sans pour cela connaître la nature de chacune d'elles.

Bergson décrit le phénomène du rire comme une "mécanique plaqué sur du vivant". Avec l'exigence et la rigueur toute scientifique propres à son œuvre philosophique, l'auteur dissèque le rire avec le plus grand sérieux mais non sans humour. Plus spécialement, le rire provoqué par le comique, en analysant ses causes et ses diverses manifestations pour donner à l'auditeur une pleine vision d'ensemble d'un sujet, souvent considéré à tort comme mineur par la philosophie en général.

Henri Bergson (1859-1941) was the leading French philosopher of the first half of the 20th century. Near the end of his life when he was forced to register with the police in Nazi occupied France he wrote: ‘Academic. Philosopher. Nobel prize winner. Jew.’ Time and Free Will, his doctoral thesis, was published as a book in 1889 and attacks and rejects the mechanistic view of causality described in Kant’s version of space and time and proceeds to attempt to define free-will and consciousness by separating space and time. 

Matter and Memory, (Matière et Mémoire), published in 1896, was the second book written by Henri Bergson (1859-1941), one of the leading French philosophers of his age. It followed Time and Free Will (1889) and helped to establish him as a major force in anti-mechanistic thought, opposing the trend towards uncompromisingly secular and scientific views. However, when Matter and Memory appeared, Bergson was 39 and had yet to become the hugely influential figure he became in the first decades of the 20th century. 

Creative Evolution is a 1907 book by the French philosopher Henri Bergson. The work proposes a version of orthogenesis in place of Darwin's mechanism of evolution, suggesting that evolution is motivated by the “élan vital”, a vital impetus that may also be understood as a natural creative impulse. The book also developed concepts of time which influenced writers like Marcel Proust and Thomas Mann. Bergson's term "duration", for example, refers to an individual, subjective experience of time, as opposed to the mathematical, objectively measurable clock time. 

The basic principles that Bergson articulates, especially his way of thinking about reality as a dynamic process and his view of human beings as creative and evolving, should be helpful to anyone who seeks to go beyond simply dealing with the practical demands of daily life and consider the nature of things. Of special importance is Bergson’s claim that it is both possible and necessary to know from the inside rather than confining our attention to external perspectives and points of view. Intuition is able to get beyond what is relative and place us inside reality.