What does it take to turn a banned psychedelic into an FDA-approved medicine?

Visit MAPS to read about the latest progress is psychedelic research: https://maps.org/

In this episode, we speak with Rick Doblin, founder of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS), about the decades-long mission to make MDMA-assisted therapy a legal treatment for PTSD and other mental health conditions. Rick received his PhD from Harvard's Kennedy School of Government in public policy focusing on the regulation of medical use of psychedelics in 2001. Rick shares the science behind MDMA’s therapeutic effects, the strategy for winning over regulators, and the battles over claims of neurotoxicity. We discuss the history of psychedelic research, the rise of the underground therapy movement, and how clinical trials, policy change, and cultural perception must align to move psychedelics from stigma to science.

Whether you’re curious about psychedelic science, drug policy reform, FDA clinical trials, or the future of mental health treatment, this conversation delivers expert insight into the intersection of research, regulation, and real-world impact.

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Michael Dubrovsky: https://x.com/MikeDubrovsky
Misha Shalaginov: https://x.com/MYShalaginov
Xinghui Yin: https://x.com/XinghuiYin

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Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/632nm/id1751170269
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4aVH9vT5qp5UUUvQ6Uf6OR
Website: [https://www.632nm.com](https://www.632nm.com/)

Timestamps:

00:00 - Intro
01:32 - How Would Rick Describe a Psychedelic Experience?
05:02 - What is Rick's Favorite Psychedelic?
09:46 - The Underground is Ahead of the Research
12:45 - How Rick Got Interested in Psychedelics
26:39 - Can Psychedelics Stop War?
40:45 - Do People Need Trauma?
45:09 - Is America a Falling Empire?
52:08 - What if MAPS was in the YC?
55:00 - Why was MDMA the Choice to Push for Legality?
1:02:22 - The Origins of Modern Psychedelic Therapy
1:05:20 - Misinformation Around Psychedelics
1:17:12 - How MAPS is Developing Psychedelic Therapies
1:30:13 - How Should Healthy People Use Psychedelics?
1:38:05 - Psychedelic Experiences as Rites of Passage
1:42:02 - Finding Life's Purpose
1:52:49 - Why Do Fears of Psychedelics Persist?
1:56:44 - What Does It Take for Psychedelics to Get FDA Approved?
2:13:55 - Rick's Pet Wolf
2:23:39 - Rick's Last Interaction with his Wolf
2:30:55 - Psychedelic Group Therapy
2:33:37 - We Need More Psychedelic Therapists

Life’s First Blueprint Wasn’t DNA; it was RNA.

Read Jacob Fine’s latest publication here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022283625001901

Today we spoke with Jacob Fine, graduate student researcher in Computational Biology from the University of Toronto. We explore the physics of replication, the role of entropy and information theory, and how modern biology is reconnecting with theory to understand the most fundamental question in science. Our conversation takes place in a Russian sauna, where the hot and humid environment mimics some of the conditions needed for life to begin.

Follow us for more technical interviews with the world’s greatest scientists:

Twitter: https://x.com/632nmPodcast
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LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/632nm/about/
Substack: https://632nmpodcast.substack.com/

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Michael Dubrovsky: https://x.com/MikeDubrovsky
Misha Shalaginov: https://x.com/MYShalaginov
Xinghui Yin: https://x.com/XinghuiYin

Subscribe:
Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/632nm/id1751170269
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4aVH9vT5qp5UUUvQ6Uf6OR
Website: https://www.632nm.com

Timestamps:
00:00 - Intro
01:22 - What does any theory of the origin of life need to explain?
04:09 - When did people begin researching the origin of life?
06:51 - Competing theories of the origin of life
11:00 - The RNA world hypothesis
21:38 - Biological vs computational error
24:58 - Origin of life is the origin of information
33:30 - Without error, there would be no life
36:07 - Early compartmentalization mechanisms
47:26 - What do we need to prove theories on the origin of life?
57:23 - What makes a useful model for biology?
1:04:44 - What inspired Jacob to investigate the origin of life?
1:09:45 - Jacob's favorite theories for the origin of life
1:11:58 - Do we need a Manhattan project to discover the origin of life?
1:18:49 - What are the next steps for origins of life research?
1:24:06 - Has exposure to religion shaped Jacob’s perspective on science?

One of Keith Johnson’s final interviews: a brilliant mind on dark matter, water, and fusion.

Read about Keith’s legacy here: https://news.mit.edu/2025/keith-johnson-materials-scientist-independent-filmmaker-dies-0723

This episode is one of the final recorded conversations with MIT physicist Keith Johnson, who passed away just weeks after our interview. In this conversation, he unpacks his early research on the quantum structure of matter, his cold fusion theories, and how it all led to a screenplay about a young female physicist. Johnson also suggests a radical idea: water clusters in space might explain some aspects of dark matter. A one-of-a-kind interview that blends science, art, and speculation.

We’re honored to share this glimpse into Keith’s remarkable intellect, creativity, and curiosity. May his legacy continue to inspire.

Follow us for more technical interviews with the world’s greatest scientists:

Twitter: https://x.com/632nmPodcast

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/632nmpodcast?utm_source=ig_web_button_share_sheet&igsh=ZDNlZDc0MzIxNw==

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/632nm/about/

Substack: https://632nmpodcast.substack.com/

Follow our hosts!

Michael Dubrovsky: https://x.com/MikeDubrovsky

Misha Shalaginov: https://x.com/MYShalaginov

Xinghui Yin: https://x.com/XinghuiYin

Subscribe:

Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/632nm/id1751170269

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/4aVH9vT5qp5UUUvQ6Uf6OR

Website: https://www.632nm.com

Timestamps:

00:00 - Intro

01:03- Early Life and Education

03:27 - Graduate Studies and Research Funding

05:44 - Postdoctoral Work and Quantum Chemistry

09:45 - Starting at MIT and Collaborations

15:05 - Cold Fusion and Film Making

23:38 - Keith's First Screenplay

28:55 - Filming a Movie at MIT

43:50 - Water Clusters and Quantum Energy

53:54 - Is Cold Fusion Possible?

1:07:13 - Challenges in Fusion Energy

1:12:09 - Advice for Young Scientists

APPENDIX:

1:15:42 - Water Might Be Connected to Dark Matter

1:24:49 - Cosmic Dust and Supernovae

1:28:36 - The Role of Water in the Universe

1:38:32 - The Future of Dark Matter Research

1:51:27 - Water Might Have Been Created Sooner After the Big Bang

#KeithJohnson #MIT #ScienceAndStorytelling #QuantumPhysics #DarkMatter #Astrobiology #BreakingSymmetry