Kawashima Yoshiko (1907-1948) was a Chinese princess who spied for the Japanese, commanded their own army, and may have had connections to the Black Dragon Society. They also may have been trans, or genderqueer, or nonbinary, and we're going to explore that today.

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Jason Shannon is an indie Canadian author of science fiction and more. He has published 6 novels - The Zimmer Insurgency, The Hounds of Harujin, The Moon Panther, Rain's Agenda, The Rise and Fall of Chaz

Oregano, and Attila the Valley Girl - as well as several short stories. Visit www.jasonmshannon.com to read the short

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Sources

Birnbaum,Phyllis. ManchuPrincess, Japanese Spy: The Story of Kawashima Yoshiko, theCross-Dressing Spy Who Commanded Her Own Army.New York: Columbia University Press, 2015.

Behr,Edward. The LastEmperor.Aylesbury, Bucks: Hazell Watson and Viney Limited, 1987.

Bergamini,David. Japan’sImperial Conspiracy: How Emperor Hirohito Led Japan into War Againstthe West.New York: William Morrow and Company, 1971.

Coggeshall,Bruce. “”The Mata Hari of the Far East”: Uncovering theIncredible Story of Yoshiko Kawashima in Open Source IntelligenceReports.” Readex, 16 July 2019,https://www.readex.com/blog/mata-hari-far-east-uncovering-incredible-story-yoshiko-kawashima-open-source-intelligence.Accessed 25 February 2025.

Coox,Alvin D., Nomonhan:Russia Against Japan, 1939.Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.

Gotō,Kenichi. "Life and Death of 'Abdul Rachman' (1906-49): OneAspect of Japanese-Indonesian Relationships." Indonesia 22(October 1976): pp. 57-68.

Jacob,Frank. Japanism,Pan-Asianism and Terrorism: A Short History of the Amur Society (TheBlack Dragons) 1901-1945.Palo Alto: Academica Press, 2014.

“Japan’sDark Background 1881-1945.”Willamette University,https://people.willamette.edu/~rloftus/moremilitarism.html. Accessed15 February, 2025.

Lee,Lilian. LastPrincess of Manchuria.New York: William Morrow and Co., 1990.

Nish,Ian. “Japan’s Tug-of-War After the Russo-Japanese War.” Warand Militarism in Modern Japan: Issues of History and Identity,edited Guy Podoler.Pp.9-22. Kent: Global Oriental, Ltd., 2009.

PuYi, Henry and Paul Kramer. TheLast Manchu: The Autobiography of Henry Pu Yi, Last Emperor of China.New York: Skyhorse, 2010.

Saaler,Sven. “TheKokuryūkai(Black Dragon Society) and the Rise of Nationalism,Pan-Asianism, and Militarism in Japan, 1901–1925.”InternationalJournal of Asian Studies,Volume 11, Issue 2, pp. 125-160. Cambridge University Press: 2014.

“WomanSpy to Die.” Perth: The West Australian, 24 October 1947.https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/46808900. Accessed 23February 2025.

Yamaguchi,Yoshiko, and Sakuya Fujiwara (trans. Chia-ning Chang). FragrantOrchid: The Story of My Life.Honolulu, University of Hawai’i Press, 2015.