Originally released in September 2024, this conversation is being re-released as part of a selection of guest interviews from the podcast archive.

Video: https://youtu.be/_wsDkv-dkEU?si=uTaUav5v7YfZBsaO

In this episode, I speak with Dr. Richard Frye, MD, PhD, a child neurologist and autism researcher whose work examines the metabolic and physiological systems associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Dr. Frye received his MD and PhD in Physiology and Biophysics from Georgetown University and has published extensively on autism, mitochondrial function, metabolism, and related areas of medicine.

We explore mitochondria far beyond their familiar description as the “powerhouse of the cell,” including their roles in energy production, metabolism, oxidative stress, immune function, and sensing changes in the environment. Dr. Frye explains mitochondrial dysfunction, the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, biomarkers of mitochondrial function, and the complex relationship among mitochondria, inflammation, and cellular health. We also discuss autism, environmental influences, light, photobiomodulation, and emerging research.

Dr, Richard Frye https://drfryemdphd.com

Rossingnol Medical Center Facebook https://www.facebook.com/RossignolMedicalCenter

Neurobiology of Disease 2024 paper https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996124001190?via%3Dihub

BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR CHROMA'S NEW LIGHTS!!!

Elevate How You Navigate with Len & a free call https://elevatehowyounavigate.com

MAYU Water, use "autism" for 10% off at https://mayuwater.com

Daylight Computer Company, use "autism" for $50 off at https://buy.daylightcomputer.com/autism

Daylight Kids (!!!) https://kids.daylightcomputer.com/autism ‪

Chroma Light Devices, use "autism" for 10% discount at https://getchroma.co/?ref=autism

0:00 Dr. Richard Frye

6:13 Intro into mitochondria & energy production, various disease & dysfunction

11:16 Mitochondrial DNA, sensitivity, and the roles with epigenetics

16:16 Biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction, delicate delivery (space and time) into the electron transport chain

20:58 Cytochrome C Oxidase (complex IV); Carnitine, Fat, and Creatine

26:57 Molecules connected to aging & cellular respiration, environemental signals implicating mitochondria

30:26 Terrible Trio: oxidative stress, mitochondria dysfunction, immune/inflammation, DAMPS & inflammation

34:29 Environmental risks for the Embryo, overreactivity of mitochondria (200%) and physiological insults and regression

42:50 Tryptophan (aromatic amino acid), NAD, and Gastrointestinal biosynthesis

45:52 Light as an environmental change factoring into the Autistic Phenotype, Infant Tree and Adult Tree examples; Vitamin D (skin & brain are connected through Neuroectoderm)

54:54 Future Research

Originally released in April 2025, this conversation is being re-released as part of a selection of guest interviews from the podcast archive.

In this episode, I speak with Dr. Reza Shadmehr of Johns Hopkins University about the cerebellum and one of the brain's most fundamental problems: how do we learn to control our movements accurately? With a background spanning electrical engineering, robotics, biomedical engineering, and neuroscience, Dr. Shadmehr has spent his career investigating the computations that allow the brain to learn, predict, and control movement.

We discuss internal models, motor learning and memory, prediction, sensory feedback, error correction, Purkinje cells, and how the cerebellum helps distinguish the sensory consequences of our own actions from information coming from the outside world. We also explore reward and effort, eye and tongue movements, research with marmosets, sensory processing, and the possible relevance of cerebellar function beyond movement, including cognition and autism. The conversation reveals the cerebellum as much more than a structure for coordination. It is deeply involved in learning what to expect and using those predictions to make behavior accurate.

Shadmehr Lab: http://shadmehrlab.org

Publications: http://shadmehrlab.org/publications

YT Videos (Very Good !): https://www.youtube.com/@shadmehrlab1352

BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR CHROMA'S NEW LIGHTS!!!

Elevate How You Navigate with Len & a free call https://elevatehowyounavigate.com

MAYU Water, use "autism" for 10% off at https://mayuwater.com

Daylight Computer Company, use "autism" for $50 off at https://buy.daylightcomputer.com/autism

Daylight Kids (!!!) https://kids.daylightcomputer.com/autism ‪

Chroma Light Devices, use "autism" for 10% discount at https://getchroma.co/?ref=autism

00:00 Reza Shadmehr

02:26 Daylight Computer Company, use "autism" for $25 discount

06:45 Chroma Light Devices- Lights Designed for Humans, use "autism" for 10% discount

9:54 Reza's journey into Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience

16:26 Understanding the Cerebellum; 3 primary functions

22:07 Neuronal Communication & Purkinje Cells; Sensory and Interneurons

25:41 Cerebellum, eyes, and Autistic phenotype; Mesencephalon & other connections

28:13 Excitation/Inhibition (E/I) balance; Video examples & Movement deficiencies

29:29 Layers of the Cerebellum

34:08 E/I & Brain function

36:30 Learning & Memory in the Cerebellum

39:54 Dysfunction & Brain Compensation

41:57 Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum

43:48 Internal Calculators & Prediction

49:42 Reward & Movement & Accuracy

52:52 Movement control; Eye movements

55:56 Purkinje Cells & Tongue movements; deceleration

59:47 Understanding Language of the Cerebellum

1:01:58 Future of Cerebellar Technology

Originally released in October 2024, this conversation is being re-released as part of a selection of guest interviews from the podcast archive.

In this episode, I speak with Nicole Rincon, PA-C, a board-certified physician assistant at Rossignol Medical Center whose work focuses on pediatric special needs, integrative medicine, and functional medicine. Nicole brings both a clinical and deeply personal perspective to the conversation as the mother of children who experienced developmental regression and were diagnosed with autism.

We discuss autism and regression through a biological and functional medicine lens, including mitochondria, metabolism, gastrointestinal health, inflammation, nutrition, environmental factors, and the potential role of medical comorbidities. Nicole also shares her family's experience and how it ultimately led her from nutritional and wellness medicine into working with autistic children and their families. Throughout the conversation, we explore both established research and emerging or debated areas of investigation in an effort to better understand the biology that may accompany autism beyond its behavioral presentation.

Nicole Rincon https://www.nicolerincon.com/nicole-rincon

Rossignol Medical Center https://rossignolmedicalcenter.com/doctors/nicole-rincon/

TACA Info: https://tacanow.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/F-H-2-Nicole-Rincon-Beginning-Biomed.pdf

TACA Talks: https://www.nicolerincon.com/videos

Publications https://rossignolmedicalcenter.com/articles-publications/#published-2024-2-articles

BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR CHROMA'S NEW LIGHTS!!!

Elevate How You Navigate with Len & a free call https://elevatehowyounavigate.com

MAYU Water, use "autism" for 10% off at https://mayuwater.com

Daylight Computer Company, use "autism" for $50 off at https://buy.daylightcomputer.com/autism

Daylight Kids (!!!) https://kids.daylightcomputer.com/autism ‪

Chroma Light Devices, use "autism" for 10% discount at https://getchroma.co/?ref=autism

00:00 Nicole Rincon

02:07 From Mother & Clinician to Autism Medicine

12:30 Autism Regression; Omegas, Mitochondria & Environmental Factors

21:56 Functional Medicine & Rossignol Medical Center

25:07 Folate, Folate Receptor Antibodies & Methylation

30:36 Mito Dysfunction & Autism Comorbidities

42:22 Challenges with the Medical Paradigm; Maternal Health

48:34 Looking Beyond Vaccines; Environment, Light & Human Biology

53:26 The Functional Medicine Evaluation; Looking Upstream

1:02:00 A Multifactorial Approach to Autism & the Future of Medicine