Hosts Mitsuaki Sawano, MD, and Satoshi Shoji, MD welcome Dr. Tomonari Harada, MD, PhD (Mayo Clinic / Gunma University) with commentary from Dr. Masaru Obokata, MD (Gunma University) to discuss their JACC study, "Echocardiographic Diastolic Function Grading in HFpEF: Testing the Updated 2025 ASE Criteria." This investigation applies the newly updated 2025 ASE diastolic function grading algorithm to invasively confirmed HFpEF cohorts and examines how frequently patients may be classified as "Normal" or "Grade 1" despite established disease. Across compensated outpatient HFpEF, acute decompensated admissions, and external validation cohorts, the study highlights substantial false-negative classifications, limited discrimination from noncardiac dyspnea, and dynamic grade shifts with changes in congestion status. The episode explores the clinical implications: why diastolic grade alone should not be used to exclude HFpEF, how exercise criteria perform in real-world cohorts, and why integrating pre-test probability and HFpEF-specific frameworks remains essential in contemporary heart failure evaluation.

Hosts Mitsuaki Sawano, MD, and Kentaro Ejiri, MD, welcome Dr. Yusuke Nakashima, MD (Yamaguchi University) and Prof. Shigeki Kobayashi , MD(Yamaguchi University) to discuss their study published in JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging, exploring prognostic markers in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis following steroid therapy. Focusing on a condition in which clinical stability does not always equate to low risk, this episode examines how residual myocardial inflammation on FDG-PET and oxidative stress assessed by urinary 8-OHdG can help stratify future risk of major adverse cardiovascular events after treatment initiation. Through a detailed walk-through of imaging, biomarkers, and longitudinal outcomes, the conversation highlights how combining post-treatment functional imaging with biochemical markers may refine risk assessment, guide follow-up intensity, and move cardiac sarcoidosis management beyond symptom control toward more precise, individualized prognostic evaluation.

Hosts Mitsuaki Sawano, MD, and Satoshi Shoji, MD welcome Dr. Shun Kohsaka, MD (Keio University School of Medicine) and Prof. Noboru Motomura, MD (Toho University Sakura Medical Center) to discuss their JACC study examining nationwide trends in coronary revascularization across Japan. Using two of the country's largest all-Japan registries—the J-PCI registry and the JCVSD—this analysis tracks how PCI and CABG volumes evolved from a steady decline to a post-2020 plateau, amid major external influences including ISCHEMIA trial results, reimbursement policy changes, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The conversation highlights how evidence, health policy, and clinical practice interact at a national level, offering rare insight into why revascularization patterns in stable coronary disease did not continue to fall despite shifting evidence, and what this means for the future of ischemic heart disease care in Japan.

Host Mitsuaki Sawano welcomes Dr. Sachiyo Ono, MD (Department of Cardiology, Kurashiki Central Hospital; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation International Scholar) to discuss her JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology study from the OCEAN-LAAC registry. Focusing on patients undergoing Left Atrial Appendage Closure, this episode explores how Spontaneous Echo Contrast (SEC)—particularly when combined with persistent atrial fibrillation—relates to thromboembolic events and device-related thrombosis after LAAC. The conversation highlights practical implications for peri-procedural assessment, post-procedural risk stratification, and future considerations in antithrombotic management, while emphasizing how left atrial pathology may continue to matter even after appendage closure.

Hosts Mitsuaki Sawano, MD, Kentaro Ejiri, MD, Nobu Ikemura, MD, and Satoshi Shoji, MD welcome Dr. Shu Hirata, MD (Department of Cardiology, Nihon University Itabashi Hospital), with guest commentary from Dr. Hiroyuki Sato, MD (Tohoku University), to discuss the REHEALTH-AF Study published in JACC: Clinical Electrophysiology. Focusing on patients aged 80 years and older with atrial fibrillation—a group often underrepresented in research and less frequently considered for catheter ablation in routine practice—this prospective multicenter registry enrolled 703 clinically eligible patients (ablation n=249; non-ablation n=454) and compares ablation and non-ablation strategies with respect to symptom burden, quality of life, frailty trajectories, cognitive function, and cardiac biomarkers over one year.

Hosts Mitsuaki Sawano, MD, Shun Kohsaka, MD, and Satoshi Shoji, MD welcome Prof. Tomonori Okamura, MD, and Dr. Aya Hirata, MPH, PhD (Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine) to discuss their JACC Viewpoint, "Current Status of Cardiovascular Disease in Japan: Prevention Strategies, Future Challenges, and Fundamental Lessons." Building on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 analysis featured in Epi 40, this episode explores why Japan has achieved one of the world's lowest cardiovascular DALY and mortality rates, highlighting decades of population-wide hypertension control, universal health insurance, and nationwide health checkups. The conversation then turns to emerging challenges—including super-aging, metabolic risk, and heart failure—and asks a key question: how can Japan move beyond single–risk-factor success toward personalized, sustainable prevention strategies for the next era of cardiovascular health? #jaccbaran

Hosts Mitsuaki Sawano, MD, and Satoshi Shoji, MD welcome Dr. Hiroshi Tsunamoto to discuss his JACC study from the OCEAN-Mitral Registry, examining how transmitral pressure gradients (TMPG) and residual mitral regurgitation (MR) jointly determine outcomes after transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) for functional MR. In over 2,300 patients, higher postprocedural TMPG (≥5 mmHg) was consistently associated with worse 2-year outcomes, regardless of residual MR severity, while patients achieving MR ≤ mild with TMPG <5 mmHg had the best prognosis. This episode highlights a practical, nuanced concept for M-TEER success—optimizing the balance between MR reduction and mitral gradient, rather than focusing on MR alone.

Hosts Mitsuaki Sawano, MD, and Satoshi Shoji, MD welcome Prof. Kosuke Inoue (Kyoto University) and Dr. Yuichiro Mori (Kyoto University) to discuss their JACC Brief Report, "Evaluation of the PREVENT Equations in a Nationwide Cohort of 7.7 Million Korean Adults." Using one of the world's largest national health databases, the study externally validates the AHA-developed PREVENT risk equations in an East Asian population, showing good discrimination and calibration for ASCVD, outperforming the traditional Pooled Cohort Equations, while highlighting persistent overestimation of heart failure risk, particularly in men. This episode explores why risk prediction models often behave differently across regions, what PREVENT gets right in East Asia, where recalibration may still be needed, and how global collaboration is reshaping cardiovascular risk assessment.