Épisodes

  • Valley Queen on casein vs. whey. Plus, where whey goes from here.
    Dec 28 2025
    In this episode of The Milk Check, Ted Jacoby III welcomes Lloyd Metzger and TJ Jacoby of Valley Queen Cheese Company for a deep dive into the science, functionality and future of dairy proteins. The conversation starts at the molecular level – the difference between casein and whey – and builds toward the real-world implications for product developers, processors and nutrition brands. We cover: Why casein is built to carry calcium (and whey isn’t)How heat and pH change protein behaviorFast versus slow digestion and why both matterThe role of whey protein in muscle maintenance, aging and GLP-1 nutritionWhat pro cream really is and why its value may be underestimatedWhy cellular agriculture is more niche than threat If you work in dairy, food formulation or nutrition, this is a protein conversation worth digesting. Got questions? We’d love to hear them. Submit below, and we might answer it on the show. Ask The Milk Check TMC-Intro-final[00:00:00]Ted Jacoby III: Hi everybody, and thank you for joining us today for this very special recording of the Milk Check Podcast. Today, our topic is: what is the future of dairy proteins? And we have two very special guests. The first is Lloyd Metzger, VP of Quality and Technical Services for Valley Queen Cheese Company, and formerly Professor of Dairy Science at South Dakota State University. And the second, particularly special to me, is my son TJ Jacoby, Whey Technologist for Valley Queen. A South Dakota State graduate. Someone who has been interested in dairy proteins since his first biology class in high school. Guys, thank you for joining us today and welcome to The Milk Check. Lloyd Metzger: Glad to be here. TJ Jacoby: Good to be on, Dad. Ted Jacoby III: It’s December 18th, 2025. Milk production in the US is up 4%. Milk production in Europe is up something similar. Milk production in New Zealand is up. Milk production in Argentina is up. We are definitely in an [00:01:00] environment today where the supply of milk and dairy is overwhelming demand, at least for the moment. Cheese prices are near historical lows. Butter prices are near historical lows. Nonfat milk, skim milk powder prices are on the low end of the range. This market is a market that feels heavy, and I think most people out there would say, it almost feels like even though we’re at lows, we may actually go lower before we go higher. And yet, on the other hand, there are whey proteins, Josh, if I’m not mistaken, whey proteins just hit historical highs. Josh White: Maybe the highest prices we’ve ever seen for whey protein isolate and WPC 80. Ted Jacoby III: So, we have an environment where the demand on the protein side is extremely strong, and the trends on protein consumption are extremely strong and really feel like they’re gonna be around for quite some time. We’ve got baby boomers retiring and whether it’s because of GLP-1s or it’s just a general knowledge and understanding of what human nutritional needs are as people age, they know that they need more protein in their [00:02:00] diet. So, it begs the question: what is going on with dairy proteins and whey proteins and how is this going to evolve in such a unique market where demand is so strong for protein right now? And so, I’m gonna ask the question first. What’s the difference at a molecular level between whey proteins and milk proteins? Because when we’re in an environment like we are now, where you’ve got the demand really, really high, you also have a market that’s gonna start looking for alternatives, simply because prices are so high. What is the difference between milk proteins in general and whey protein specifically? Lloyd Metzger: It’s important to talk about from a functional perspective how the proteins are different. I’m sure we’ll get into the nutritional differences between those proteins as well. It’s important to understand what’s driving those differences in functional characteristics. And it’s really all about calcium. The casein system is designed to carry calcium. The whey protein system is not designed to carry calcium. That differentiates the two groups of [00:03:00] proteins and makes their properties very different. TJ Jacoby: I’ll explain it like this. Milk proteins, there’s two classes of proteins, right? There’s casein and then there’s whey. The casein is used to make cheese, and then the whey protein is what comes off. So, the whey protein is everything that is not used to make cheese. So, the reason why casein proteins works so well for cheese because those proteins like to fall together in these spheres, they like to stick to one another. They like to stick to one another ’cause they have certain groups that latch onto the calcium and then they bridge with phosphate. When they do, they have multiple proteins, different types of casein proteins that bridge together with phosphate and then based on their repulsion forces, they stick together. Calcium and...
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    28 min
  • One Bull in a Barn Full of Bears
    Dec 11 2025
    There’s milk everywhere: more milk in the U.S., Europe and New Zealand than a year ago, soft Class IV, and Class III futures that could slip into the $13s once you plug in today’s spot cheese and whey. With a long milk wave crashing over the dairy industry, will farmers start culling cows and leaving stalls empty? Inside the episode, the team churns through: Why strong balance sheets, paid-down debt and high cow values could delay a production pullbackHow lower feed costs shift the breakeven – but can’t fully offset falling milk checksWhy Western and cheese-focused regions like the Pacific Northwest, California and Idaho may struggle firstHow WPC 80, WPI and clear whey proteins have become the lone bulls – and why capacity constraints limit the industry’s responseWhy there are limits to what customers can pay for whey, and where substitution is already happening It’s a barn full of bears on butter, cheese and fluid milk, but the protein complex is still flexing. The question is how long that can last? Tune in to The Milk Check episode 88: One bull in a barn full of bears to hear how our traders are navigating a market that’s bearish on volume but still bullish on protein. Got questions? We’d love to hear them. Submit below, and we might answer it on the show. Ask The Milk Check Ted Jacoby III: Welcome, everybody, to The Milk Check. It is December 5th. We’re gonna talk about markets today. And rather than boring you and having the same conversation we had three weeks ago, everything is still bearish. There’s milk everywhere. There’s milk all over the U.S. There’s milk all over Europe. There’s milk all over New Zealand. There’s a whole bunch more milk this year than last year. Things are long. It’s very likely things are gonna get longer before they get shorter. Today we have some of our usual suspects. My brother Gus has joined us today. We’ve got Josh White, we’ve got Joe Maixner, we’ve got Diego Carvallo. And, of course, myself. Looking forward to a great conversation. So, rather than discussing how bearish we can be on these markets, my question, and I’m gonna start by throwing this question at my brother, Gus, is Gus, how long do you think it’s gonna take for dairy farmers to start culling cows and for this milk [00:01:00] production to slow down? Gus Jacoby: I feel like milk price and farm economics are completely contingent on that and how bad those farm economics get with respect to the milk price. Class III is still relatively high. Obviously, Class IV is pretty poor right now. The way I see it, dairymen, at this moment in time, still have fairly strong balance sheets. So, the recent low prices haven’t affected ’em all that much. So, I don’t expect their behavior with respect to culling and whatnot to change. But I think in five, six months from now, assuming that the milk price is at or lower, and quite frankly, I think Class III probably does need to get a bit lower, you’ll start to see some of that behavior change. If I had to guess, either as early as early summer, but as late as maybe mid-fall, if farm economics don’t change, we’ll start to see dairymen begin to leave stalls open. I mean, they’re gonna cull a cow, collect that beef revenue that they can grab, and not necessarily buy the expensive heifer. Ted Jacoby III: You’re thinking it’s gonna take about six months for dairy farmers [00:02:00] to get to the point where they feel like they need to increase the amount of cows they’re selling in order to meet their cashflow needs? Gus Jacoby: That’s my best guess. And again, that can be either expedited or slowed down depending on where the milk price goes. Ted Jacoby III: Corn prices have really come down this year. Do you think the lower feed prices have lowered where that break even point is, or how low we need to go in milk price in order to really send those signals in a strong way? Gus Jacoby: Certainly, feed prices being lower are gonna be helpful to the farm economic model. This becomes a milk price discussion. If the cheese price continues to have that downward pressure and gets low enough, those feed prices won’t be low enough. It’s always related to their inputs. And certainly, cheap feed helps their cause to extend growth in the milk production model. Ted Jacoby III: Right now, on December 5th, the Class III prices for the first quarter are right around, let’s call it $15.50, but if you use today’s cheese price on the spot market at the CME in today’s whey price, you’re probably looking at something closer to $14, 14 and a quarter. [00:03:00] Is that low enough or do we need to go lower? Gus Jacoby: It’s low enough. But not low to expedite anything. Maybe that takes us into the late summer, and remember, it depends on where we’re talking here in the country. Milk production costs are different depending on where you exist in the country. And also payouts are a lot different in a lot of places, ...
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    23 min
  • When Will Dairy Prices Turn Around: GLP-1 and Oversupply
    Nov 18 2025
    Milk production is up 4.2% year over year, components are climbing and prices are falling. As holiday orders wrap up and we head into the long winter, The Milk Check team digs into whether dairy markets have already found a floor, or if there’s still another leg down to go. With milk products everywhere (except for whey), the Jacoby team shares where the market is and where we’re going. They churn through: Butter at $1.50 and what heavy cream and higher components mean after the holidaysWhy cheese feels like a calm before the storm, and how far Class III could grind lowerNonfat and skim: long milk, growing inventories and buyers shopping the cheapest originWhy whey proteins are the outlier, with tight supply, strong demand and GLP-1 tailwindsGlobal milk growth, clustered demand (Ramadan, Chinese New Year, Super Bowl) and who blinks first between the U.S. and Europe In this episode of The Milk Check, host Ted Jacoby III is joined by Joe Maixner, Jacob Menge, Diego Carvallo, Josh White and Mike Brown for a rapid-fire market session on butter, cheese, nonfat and proteins. Listen now for The Milk Check’s latest market read on butter, cheese, nonfat and whey. Got questions? We’d love to hear them. Submit below, and we might answer it on the show. Ask The Milk Check Ted Jacoby III: Welcome back, everybody, to The Milk Check podcast. Today we’re gonna have a market discussion. It is November 10th. We are in the last couple of weeks of the quote-unquote busy season, starting to get a feel for what we think is gonna happen to dairy markets as holiday orders are filled, and we transition into the long-term period of the year. In the last few weeks, we’ve actually seen prices drop, but it feels like butter’s kind of dropped down to about a $1.50/lb and seems to find at least a brief floor. We’ll talk to Joe and find out if Joe thinks we’re gonna stick around here for a while. The cheese market was up in the $1.80s/lb. It’s dropped to a little below $1.70, starting to hit a little bit of resistance. Jake will share with us a little bit about what we think is happening with cheese going forward. Nonfat dropped a little bit down to [00:01:00], about what Diego, about a $1.10/lb and had a little bounce off its floor. Meanwhile, the whey complex just continues to go up. We’ll check in with Josh and find out what’s going on there. Well, let’s go ahead and start with milk production. We just got released today, the September milk production, and it says it’s up 4.2%, which is a very, very big number. It’s November; milk is longer than it usually is this time of year. Usually, it’s quite tight, and it’s not quite tight, but I wouldn’t call it long. However, all the signs are there that once we get past the fall holiday order season, milk could get quite long. If September milk is up 4.2%, I think it’s safe to say that if that continues, we will be quite long milk as we transition from the typical seasonal tightness of the fall into the winter and the flush of the spring. 4.2% is a big number, and that’s not even taking into account the fact that the solids in the milk are up as well. That’s not the kind of tone that a dairy farmer wants us to set as we’re talking about what supply and demand looks like, but there’s a lot of milk out there, [00:02:00] Joe, does that mean there’s a lot of butter out there, too? Joe Maixner: Well, there’s still a lot of butter out there; sounds like there’s going to be a lot more butter coming soon. If milk’s up 4%, cream was heavy all of last winter and into last Spring, extremely heavy. If we have higher components, more milk, and we’ve got a full amount of milk coming outta California as well after coming off of bird flu last year, there’s just gonna be that much more cream in the system and more getting pushed back into the churns. So, it’s a very good possibility that we’re gonna go even lower than where we currently are. Volume seems to be trading well. The cream demand has been fairly steady, going into cultured products and the shorter shelf-life products. Cream’s still long, but it’s not swimming yet. Ted Jacoby III: Will we hold this $1.50 area through Thanksgiving, you think? Joe Maixner: Yeah, it seems like we’ve hit a spot where buyers are willing to step in. So, there’s a good chance that we could hang around this $1.50 area for the next couple of weeks. Once the last little spurt of holiday demand is over, we’re gonna take another leg lower. Ted Jacoby III: Okay. Jake, what about [00:03:00] cheese? Jacob Menge: I think we had a little reprieve from some cheese bearishness with the holiday demand. It’s tough, though, especially with this wall of milk that’s headed our way. Does it seem like the bottom’s ready to drop out? Probably not yet. But it still seems like it’s a possibility. It almost seems like the call before the storm. Ted Jacoby III: What you’re saying is: we’ve already dropped ...
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    26 min
  • Bears in Butter. Bulls in Protein.
    Oct 17 2025
    Butter’s slipping, cheese feels heavy, but the protein complex is flexing hard. In this Milk Check market roundtable, Ted Jacoby III brings together Diego Carvallo, Jacob Menge, Joe Maixner and Josh White to unpack what’s driving the mixed messages in the markets. Listen to hear: Why butter could fall below $1.50 before year-endHow global health trends are powering whey protein demandWhy cheese exports are getting harder to moveWhether dairy’s bearish mood could trigger a short squeeze It’s a classic Milk Check market roundtable. Listen now to The Milk Check episode 86: Bears in Butter, Bulls in Protein. Got questions? Got questions for The Milk Check team? We’ve got answers. Submit your questions below and we’d be happy to get back to you or answer your question on the podcast. Ask The Milk Check Ted Jacoby III: Hey everybody, welcome to The Milk Check. We’re gonna have an old-fashioned market discussion today. We’ve got a lot going on in dairy markets right now. It’s the middle of October. Markets are moving, but not in the direction that they usually move in October. It seems like everything wants to go down right now, and we’ll start with the product that seems to be most bearish today, the one we’ve been talking about a lot lately. Joe, what is going on with butter? Joe Maixner: Butter is interesting today because we’re actually up. Long-term Sentiment really hasn’t changed. There’s not really a whole lot new to talk about on the butter. Markets aren’t linear, so we’re gonna have these choppy trades here and there where some buying comes in and things get pushed. But there’s plenty of butter still out there. There’s plenty of butter being offered out there. Right now, there’s a good amount of demand, but we’re anticipating that that’s fairly short-lived. We’ve got [00:01:00] holiday demand for another couple of weeks here, and then that should probably tail off. We’ll see what happens after that. Ted Jacoby III: So we’re a $1.60 and a $1.65 today. It’s Friday, October 10th. Felt like a little bit of a dead cat bounce after really dropping pretty hard earlier in the week. Is that what it is? Is it a dead cat bounce? Joe Maixner: I wouldn’t call a quarter of a cent on spot a dead cat bounce. The moves on the futures are 3¢ to 5¢ moves with a 10¢ plus move intraday. There’s no shortage of volatility. Ted Jacoby III: What do you think will be happening in the next month? You think maybe we’ll bounce off this, go up a little bit for the next couple of weeks? Then all the orders that need to get filled for the holidays get filled? And then what? Joe Maixner: I think we take another leg lower. I think we’ll be sub $1.50 before the end of the year. Ted Jacoby III: I agree. We’re at prices so low that a year ago it would’ve been really hard to imagine we’d ever get here. And the idea that we could even go lower from here just seems unbelievable, but that’s the market we’re in right now. Joe Maixner: Less than 24 months ago, we were all talking about $4 butter [00:02:00] coming, and there was not enough fat to keep up with demand. And now we’re potentially going to the $1.40s. There’s so much fat that we can’t consume it all. But we also have to remember that this is all cyclical, and at some point, these low prices are gonna cure the low prices. Ted Jacoby III: Meanwhile, let’s talk a little bit about protein. The more bearish we get on butter, the more bullish the protein markets seem to get. What’s going on in the protein markets right now? Josh White: I think we gotta define which we’re talking about with protein because if it’s protein with over 34% protein, it’s pretty hard to find, particularly with the whey proteins. If it’s 34% or under, most unstandardized non-fat dry milk is quite a bit above 34%, so maybe let’s say 40%, it seems like we can’t find a bottom. So, really, two very different markets at the moment. So, if we start on the high end of the market, we’ve experienced over the past two years now a continued move higher and the appreciation per unit [00:03:00] protein for whey protein products, in particular WPC 80 and WPI. We want to credit certain things as catalysts, like GLP-1 adoption in the U.S., but I think we gotta be even bigger than that. Health and wellness are worldwide. We’re seeing strong growth in demand. People are paying attention to what they eat. Clearly, they’re concluding that whey proteins supplemented in many, many products is a good way of increasing your protein intake. That doesn’t seem to be changing, and although we’re talking about very, very high prices in the U.S., Europe also has very, very high prices. Josh White: And as of late, it’s leaving additional markets, other markets, the import markets for these products, wanting more. We’ll see an additional load or two of product available in the U.S., and it’s sold to a U.S. customer before the ...
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    21 min
  • Swimming in Butter: Global Insights from Cefetra Group
    Oct 9 2025
    Does perfect weather mean bad news for dairy? In this episode of The Milk Check, Ted Jacoby III and the Jacoby team welcome guests from Cefetra Dairy, Henk-Jan Bouwman, Head of Account Management; Martijn Goedhart, Managing Director; and Veljko Perovic, Commodity Market Analyst and Derivatives Trader. Together, we unpack why the world is swimming in butter and what it means for producers, traders and processors heading into 2026. You’ll hear: Why too much 80% salted has the U.S. sloshing in inventoryHow Europe went from record highs to €2,000-per-ton lossesWhen demand might finally catch up with supply Click play below and listen now to The Milk Check episode 84: Swimming in Butter – Global Insights from Cefetra Group. Got questions? Got questions for The Milk Check team? We’ve got answers. Submit your questions below and we’d be happy to get back to you or answer your question on the podcast. Ask The Milk Check Ted Jacoby III: Welcome everybody to The Milk Check, a T.C. Jacoby & Co. podcast. We have a really exciting episode today. We are going to be discussing the U.S. and European butter markets and how that’s going to affect global butter supply, global butter demand, and obviously price. We are joined today by our good friends from Cefetra Dairy. We’ve got Martijn, Henk-Jan, and Veljko from Cefetra Dairy. Really looking forward to this discussion. Joe, we’re gonna start with you. What’s going on with the U.S. butter market? We’ve just dropped in the last two months, what, 60, 70¢? I feel like the bottom just dropped out. What’s been driving this, and how’s this gonna play out going forward? Joe Maixner: Well, long story short, there’s too much 80% salted sitting in inventories, both in trader’s hands and in manufacturer’s hands. There was a lot of product built earlier in the year when there was a great carry in the market [00:01:00] and when cream was plentiful. All of that product is coming back to the market because cream is still plentiful and manufacturers aren’t needing it for micro fixing. Demand has been good, but not great. Ted Jacoby III: Is it safe to say that even if we’re having good butter demand in the U.S. right now, it doesn’t compare to the increase in supply we’re dealing with? Joe Maixner: Absolutely. We’re so much higher year over year on fat component and milk production that we just physically can’t consume as much butter as we’re producing. Ted Jacoby III: Mike Brown, my question for you is this, we’ve come down from $3.50 two years ago, $2.50 earlier this year, now we’re at a $1.75. We’ve talked a lot about on this program how the genetics have dairy cows producing a lot more butterfat than they have in years past, and that’s a trend that has really changed the supply side dynamic for butterfat in the U.S. At a $1.75, does that trend change? Mike Brown: The genetic trend of course won’t change ’cause it’s permanent . People have been making decisions to improve fat content of milk for a long, long time. It’s been [00:02:00] emphasized because of the high value of fat. And so it’s already built into not only the current dairy herd, but the animals that will be replacements over the next two or three years. On the feeding side, that’s another story, but most folks I talk to say a $1.50, $1.70 fat probably isn’t gonna make a lot of change in feeding and management on a dairy farm. You may see some of those higher expensive fat additives that are used to increase fat used a little less heavily, but the trend overall will be there. Will the rate of gain continue to be as high? I think is a good question, but I don’t think the trend toward gaining fat’s gonna change certainly in the next two, three years. Ted Jacoby III: So, this is a question for both Mike and Gus. One of the rumors I’ve heard is that there have been some raw milk buyers out there who have been talking about putting caps on butter, fat percentage in milk, or at least what they’ll pay for. If that does happen, is that going to affect the increases in butterfat percentages in the milk? Gus Jacoby: I haven’t seen anything but your cheese make yield formula pay prices have some sort of discount for fat [00:03:00] at those higher levels. That’s the only thing that I’ve really noticed in the industry that’s in some way penalizing that increased fat in milk production. Other than that, I’m not aware of anybody who’s discounting fat in any other ways. Mike Brown: What I’ve seen is consistent with what Gus has seen so far, but there’s lots of things going on in the background. Federal Order fat is priced off the Grade A butter market, and that price is what it is. Most cheese plants can’t begin to recover that value of fat, particularly if they’re in the spot market with any extra cream or certainly with whey cream. So, they’ve been losing money. I particularly have seen out West, where the added value for the extra fat ...
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    31 min
  • Shining Star or Shooting Star: WPC 80 and WPI
    Oct 2 2025
    Butter is down. Powder is heavy. Cheese is struggling. But whey proteins? They’re the shining star. In this episode of The Milk Check, host Ted Jacoby III sits down with Josh White, Gus Jacoby, Diego Carvallo, and Jacob Menge to break down what’s really moving the dairy market this fall. We cover: Why WPC 80 and whey protein isolate remain in tight supplyHow weak butter, powder, and cheese are reshaping herd economicsWhat today’s demand means for dairy markets heading into 2026 They’re the shining star now, but can whey proteins hold at $10/lb without burning out? Listen now to hear Jacoby’s take on what’s in the stars for dairy this year and beyond. Got questions? Got questions for The Milk Check team? We’ve got answers. Submit your questions below and we’d be happy to get back to you or answer your question on the podcast. Ask The Milk Check Ted Jacoby III: Welcome, everybody, to the September edition of the Jacoby Market discussion on our Milk Check podcast. Today, we’ve got Josh White, head of our dairy ingredients group. We’ve got my brother Gus to talk about what’s going on with milk, cream, and UF milk. We have Diego Carvallo on our international business and nonfat business teams. And then we got Jacob Menge with risk management and trading strategy. So, Gus, let’s go ahead and start with you. It’s September. This is usually the time of year when everybody is shipping a lot of milk into the Southeast. How do things look in milk, and what’s going on in cheese and UF right now? Gus Jacoby: Certainly, Ted, milk has gotten tight as it typically does this time of year. I wouldn’t say, though, relatively speaking, for mid-September that we’re all that tight. Obviously, milk production reports have been up recently; there’s more milk than we had last year. Yes, we’ve added processing capacity in [00:01:00] certain regions of the country, like the western portion of the upper Midwest, and, of course, the Southwest. However, in many areas, early fall tightness does exist. But it’s a bit longer than last year. Where we really need to look at, though, is the component area and some of the products, such as sweet cream. That’s certainly very long. We know about butterfat being much higher today than it was just a couple of years ago. And I would say the cream markets, which typically in early fall draw some pretty high multiples, those multiples are tempered to a fair amount. Cream can be had at a time when it is typically tough to find. So, there’s no doubt that what we’re seeing out in the marketplace, and I would say from coast to coast, is more cream than what we’re used to. And certainly, more of a buyer’s market in the fall than it ever has been, at least in the history of the industry that I’ve seen. Now, on the flip side, the protein markets are a bit interesting. I wanna let Josh speak on the powder side, but we are seeing that UF milk is having a strong comeback. People need protein, whether it be for fortification [00:02:00] needs and natural cheese, whether it be for health and wellness shakes, whether it be for what have you. That product is getting a lot of attention. And certainly, the one area that I’m seeing this fall that’s got some tightness to it. Ted Jacoby III: Josh, what are you seeing on the protein side in your neck of the woods? Is what Gus is seeing with UF milk translating all the way over into dried proteins? Josh White: The most interesting of the product categories right now and the one gaining the most attention is in the whey protein sector. We’re feeling pressure across a lot of the storable dairy products right now, but the one that remains very tight are the WPCs, in particular WPC 80 and whey protein isolate. The storyline hasn’t changed a whole lot from prior discussions. We went into the year, and there was some trade disruption that masked how tight the market was. We knew a lot of capacity was coming online this year to respond to the demand signals that we’ve been seeing unfold over the last several years. But where we stand today, in September, with a line sight to the end of the year, is [00:03:00] it doesn’t feel like our production out of the U.S. is meeting not only the U.S. demand, but the global demand. This is more of a global situation than just a U.S. situation. The key production regions for the higher whey proteins suitable for sports, nutrition, health, and wellness applications, and others come from Europe and the United States. And in both markets, prices are very high right now. Whey protein isolate had stabilized as we went into the third quarter, somewhere on either side, at $10 a pound for WPI instant. Today, there’s a lot more discussion anecdotally that we’re seeing prices closer to $10.25 or even $10.50 per pound in certain instances. Whether it’s the driver or it’s the entire market, that certainly had an effect on WPC 80 prices. WPC 80 is a product that we have seen ...
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    34 min
  • The $1,000 Calf: Why Beef Matters on the Dairy Farm
    Aug 26 2025
    Are you leaving calf money on the table? Not long ago, a Holstein bull calf might have earned you 50 bucks, if that. Today, thanks to high beef prices and better breeding tools, that same cow might deliver a $1,000 calf instead. Beef-on-dairy isn’t just a trend; it’s changing how progressive dairies manage their herds and drive revenue. In this episode of The Milk Check, host Ted Jacoby III talks with CoBank’s Corey Geiger and Abbigail Prins about how dairy farmers are rethinking breeding strategies and how those decisions are reshaping herd structure, replacement numbers, and profitability. Why some farms are holding onto cows longerHow sexed semen and genomics are guiding breeding callsAnd how beef calves are becoming a serious income stream Whether you’re breeding for replacements, premiums or profit, this episode unpacks how to make herd decisions that pay. Listen now to hear why the value of a cow’s uterus might be higher than ever. Got questions? Got questions for The Milk Check team? We’ve got answers. Submit your questions below and we’d be happy to get back to you or answer your question on the podcast. Ask The Milk Check Intro (with music): Welcome to the Milk Check, a podcast from T.C. Jacoby & Co., where we share market insights and analysis with dairy farmers in mind. Ted Jacoby III: Welcome everybody to this month’s version of the Milk Check, a T.C. Jacoby & Co. podcast. Really excited today to have two special guests from CoBank, Corey Geiger and Abbi Prins. We are going to talk about breeding to beef and the profitability of the dairy farm, and how that dairy farm profitability has changed over the years as this trend has come about, and what it means for the future of dairy. Excited to have this conversation, Corey, Abbi, thank you so much for joining us today. So Corey, what do you do? Corey Geiger: CoBank is actually short for cooperative banks, so we’re the bank of cooperatives. We’re part of the Farm Credit System. Abbi and I are part of the knowledge exchange division, so we have a group of 10 economists who work in dairy and animal protein, consumer package goods, digital infrastructure, and farm inputs and crops. I’ve been at CoBank for two years now. I have just started my third year with CoBank, and Abbi joined our team about a year ago. She can tell you a little bit about herself. Abbigail Prins: Thanks, Corey. I also joined CoBank about a year and a half ago. I helped cover the dairy and animal protein sectors, come from a very heavy dairy and agriculture background, originally from Tulare, California, based out of Minnesota now. We’re excited to be on the podcast with you today, so thank you for the invitation. Ted Jacoby III: Abbi, Corey, thank you so much for joining us. Really appreciate it. So our topic today is going to be about breeding to beef and the dairy farm profitability, and how the whole breeding to beef trend has been affecting dairy farm profitability. Give us a little background on this trend of how more and more dairy farmers are breeding dairy cows in order to get cows to enter the dairy herd. More and more dairy farmers are breeding to beef and how is that affecting the dairy breed right now? Corey Geiger: I have a broad background, having been in the editorial team of Hoard’s Dairyman for 28 years and a past president of Holstein USA, and this is a journey. It really involves a triple play. The first part of that triple play was gender sorted semen coming onto the scene. Then genomics came on the scene, and then it all kind of came together with the beef on dairy movement. Now, economics always enters the equation because if I were to come back and have a conversation with my late grandfathers and say, “We’re breeding some of our prize Holsteins to Angus,” they’d throw me out the window, thinking I fell on my head. But gender sorted semen came along. Fertility rates really improved in dairy cattle, and I think that’s another part of the story for fertility and conception rates, and we landed up with more dairy replacements. Those prices dropped tremendously in about 2015 and almost fell to under 1,200 a head. At that time, beef prices started climbing, and a new opportunity opened up. Abbigail Prins: We start to see beef prices rise, followed by the introduction of beef semen purchases by dairy producers. Of course, this was not actually confirmed by the National Association of Animal Breeders, which started tracking this until 2023; however, the trend began in 2015, 2016, and 2017. We start to see more of these beef semen purchases,, and we see them being implemented into the dairy industry. We then yield these beef on dairy cross animals. They just start their career on the beef track right away instead of the secondary career after being in the milk industry and having that extra revenue generator I think was a very important piece for dairy producers to take advantage of and try to figure out strategically on ...
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    38 min
  • From Summer Heat to School Coolers: The August Milk Shuffle
    Aug 13 2025
    The school bells are ringing in some changes for milk. Are you ready? Tune in to The Milk Check as the Jacoby team churns through the latest supply and demand dynamics in the August milk market, including: Why the usual summer heat dip in milk production feels normal, despite 3.3% higher year-over-year numbersWhy cheese prices are holding steady and how New Zealand’s production could impact exportsWhy protein products are powering ahead with strong domestic and international demandWhy nonfat dry milk remains stuck in a flat market Whether you’re a farmer, processor, or trader, tune in to The Milk Check to learn where we are and where we’re headed as we head into the holiday season. Click below to listen to The Milk Check episode 81: From Summer Heat to School Coolers. Got questions? Got questions for The Milk Check team? We’ve got answers. Submit your questions below and we’d be happy to get back to you or answer your question on the podcast. Ask The Milk Check Ted Jacoby III: Welcome, everybody, to The Milk Check. We’re recording this particular podcast on August 5, 2025. We’re having a classic market discussion today, and with us are Josh White, head of our dairy ingredients group; Greg Sheer, who heads up our milk marketing group; Mike Brown of Jacoby dairy market intelligence; Tristan Suellentrop, and me. We’re gonna just quickly speed through all the products and talk a little bit about what the demand and supply looks like as we transition from the heat of the summer into the fall. This time of year, what we’re usually watching: the weather is hot, milk is starting to get a little bit tight, and then school starts up in a couple of weeks, so the bottling plants start needing more milk. We start shipping milk to the Southeast, and that tends to start a progression of tightness, not only in the milk supply, but in the supply of all dairy products as we get into the fall and the holiday season. So, we’ll go ahead and start with Greg. Hey, Greg, can you tell us a little bit about what’s going on with milk right now? Greg Scheer: We do see seasonally tightening milk supply. Production has been hit by the summer heat like it usually does. Maybe a little more heat in the Northeast than normal. We’re seeing that in the Mideast and Midwest and all the way into the South and Southeast. We have some comments from some of our producers that maybe a little bit older cow herd has caused the heat to be a little more significant than normal. But we don’t see an overabundance of that normal seasonal weakness in milk production. We’re seeing solid demand, and we’re starting to see a draw to the Southeast as schools will be starting up soon in the South and moving North when the schools start. So, that filling of the pipeline is going to really tighten the market, as it normally does seasonally at this time. So, tight spot markets and premiums throughout the Northeast, Mideast, and Midwest. We have the normal heat in the Southwest. Maybe a little less than usual in California, in the very west, but seasonally we’re trending where we typically are this time of year, and we’re about to get to the tightest time of the year when schools start to fill that pipeline for the school milk. So, expect firm spot market prices going forward. Even though production may bounce back a little from recent heat as we move into the end of August and September, depending on the weather this month. Ted Jacoby III: The Milk Production Report for June said we were up 3.3%. Does it really feel like we’re up that much in a lot of the parts of the country, Greg, where we’ve got milk, or does it just feel like a classic deep summer transition into fall tightness? Greg Scheer: It felt like that in June that we were up that much. It doesn’t feel like that now, which is normal. We had a heat wave in June, all of a sudden it went from being kind of cool and rainy to a hot spell that kind of kicked off the summer. That may have hit production a little earlier than normal, and it wasn’t really a gradual warmup. It just feels normal seasonally as we head into the rest of August. I just feel like it’s gonna be tight like it normally is, and it’s gonna be hard to come by spot loads once schools start filling for school needs. Ted Jacoby III: It almost feels like what you’re saying is that the increase in milk production generally has been offset by the increase in heat this year. And it’s just setting us up to roll into the fall feeling pretty normal. Greg Scheer: That’s what it feels like to me. Most of the milk supply that we know the best is that of the upper Midwest, the Mideast, the Northeast, and even sending milk to the Southeast. So, in those areas, for sure, it feels like a classic seasonal pattern that we’re in. Ted Jacoby III: Got it. Josh, what do you think that’s gonna do to the butter powder plants? Do you think it’s going to tighten up our butter and non-fat supplies, or do we...
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    20 min