The Indian Militia and Descriptions of the Indies
By Captain Bernardo de Vargas Machuca
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In this episode of the Dead Warrior Society Podcast, we dig into one of the most overlooked tactical manuals in military history: Vargas Machuca’s late-16th-century conquistador ranger handbook. Written for small, autonomous units operating deep in hostile territory, Machuca’s work reads less like theory and more like a hard-earned field manual.
We break down how Spanish frontier fighters conducted patrols, reconnaissance, raids, and ambushes, how they established and defended patrol bases, and how discipline, leadership, and equipment maintenance were treated as combat multipliers. From firearms and edged weapons to dogs, indigenous auxiliaries, and psychological warfare, we explore the tools and methods Machuca believed were necessary to survive and win against numerically superior enemies.

This episode connects early modern irregular warfare to modern small-unit tactics, showing how many of these principles would feel right at home in today’s ranger handbook.

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Many argue the Aztecs fought “ritual wars," symbolic battles, religious theater, capture-not-kill combat.

Cool story…

Except it falls apart the second you look at how empires actually function. In this episode of Dead Warrior Society, we dismantle one of the most persistent myths in military history: the idea that the Mexica built power through ceremony instead of strategy. Empires don’t rise on pageantry — they rise on logistics, coercion, incentives, and organized brutality. We break down why Aztec warfare was rational, structured, and imperial; what Flower Wars really were (and why they weren’t harmless games); how honor culture and status shaped combat; the tribute system that turned Central Mexico into a fueling network for nonstop campaigns; and how human sacrifice functioned as political power and psychological warfare as much as religion. Drawing on scholars like Ross Hassig and Hugh Thomas alongside anthropological models of violence and honor-based societies, we show that Aztec warfare followed the same underlying logic seen in Rome, early war states, and even modern gang power structures: violence isn’t random. It’s social, regulated, and used to build authority. War wasn’t a sideshow in Aztec society. War was the system. Welcome to Dead Warrior Society — where tactics get historic and history gets tactical.

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In this episode of Dead Warrior Society, we begin a new series examining the Conquistadors and the Spanish Conquest of Mexico—starting where most narratives don’t.

The first half of the episode challenges traditional scholarship by linking the Reconquista directly to the Conquest of the Americas. Rather than treating these as separate historical eras, we explore how centuries of warfare in Iberia shaped the mindset, institutions, and practices that the Spanish later carried across the Atlantic. We discuss key themes, events, and cultural traditions forged during the Reconquista, and how these were adapted for conquest in Mexico—including religious ideology, military organization, legal structures, and concepts of authority.

In the second half, we turn to the Conquistadors themselves—who they were, who they were not, and how they actually operated on the ground. We break down how they fought in the Americas, the weapons and arms they used, and the governing systems they leveraged to secure power, wealth, and long-term prominence in the New World.

This episode sets the foundation for understanding the Conquest not as an improvised adventure, but as the continuation of a deeply rooted warrior culture refined over generations.