Ussama Makdisi, professor of history at the University of California Berkely and auhtor of several books on the history of the Middle East on Israel's modus operandi in wars, and why it never learns its lessons. Despite the 42-year gap between the invasion of Lebanon and that of Gaza, the parallels are striking. Its 1982 invasion of Lebanon resulted in an 18 years occupation and ended with a withdrawal leaving behind, Hezbullah, an opponent that is fiercer than the PLO it sought to eliminate. The results of Its invasion of Gaza, despite the greater scale of horrors it committed, is unlikely to end with a victory or with an end to resistance.

Follow Ussama Makdisi on X: @UssamaMakdisi

Listen to his podcast: Makdisi Street

Read more from Ussama Makdisi:

- Age of Coexistence: The Ecumenical Frame and the Making of the Modern Arab Worldwas, 2019 (University of California Press).

- Faith Misplaced: the Broken Promise of U.S.-Arab Relations, 1820-2001 , 2010 (Public Affairs).

- The West's Love for Israel Erases the Middle East's Real History in Jacobin Magazine, 2023

Palestine Uncensored host Ruba Husari interviews Bir Zeit university lecturer Abdal Jawad Omar on armed and non-armed resistance across one century of the Palestinian national movement to Oct.7, 2023. He analyses where Hamas and its military wing emanate from, the conflation of resistance and terrorism, why resistance against Israeli occupation is hope for Palestinians, what has the aftermath of Oct 7 achieved so far and whether it was worth it.

Follow Abdal Jawad Omar on X: @HHamayel2

Read more from Abdal Jawad Omar:

• The Question of Hamas and the Left
• Gaza is Showing the Rest of Palestine the Truth of Struggle
• Jenin: The Fight over the Capacity to Resist

“If peaceful protest is met with violence, its efficacy is at an end. For me, nonviolence was not a moral principle but a strategy; there is no moral goodness in using an ineffective weapon.“

Nelson Mandela in his memoir "Long Walk To Freedoom" :

Palestinian-American academic Leila Farsakh, professor of political science at the Univeristy of Massachussets Boston, discusses dismantling Zionism, abandoning the two-state solution and the case for a one democratic state in Palestine.

Further reading:

Leila Farsakh: The Question of Palestinian Statehood

Leila Farsakh (ed): Rethinking Statehood in Palestine, Self-Determination and Decolonization Beyond Partition