Dr. John L. Ronning joins Water into Wine for a conversation on the Jewish Targums and their importance for understanding John’s Gospel. We discuss what the Targums are, how they functioned in synagogue life, and why Ronning believes they provide the strongest background for John’s presentation of Jesus as the Logos, the Word. Along the way, we explore Memra, Shekinah, divine descent language, Sinai, covenant, and why John’s Gospel presents Jesus as active before the incarnation and deeply bound up with the identity of the God of Israel.Find Dr. Ronning’s book here:https://www.amazon.com/Jewish-Targums-Johns-Logos-Theology/dp/0801047595Find Dr. Ronning’s papers here:https://faiththeological.academia.edu/JohnRonningIf this conversation was helpful, please like, subscribe, and share it with someone interested in John’s Gospel, the Jewish background of the New Testament, and the identity of Jesus.

In this episode of Water into Wine, I’m joined by Ryan Lambert of Bridge Builders Forum to discuss Paul, Jewish-Christian relations, and the major shifts in Pauline scholarship over the past several decades.We talk about the traditional reading of Paul, the New Perspective on Paul, Paul within Judaism, Paul’s identity as a Pharisee, and why both Jews and Christians have so often misunderstood Paul. Ryan also explains why he believes Paul’s mission was tied to the prophetic hope of the nations turning to worship the God of Israel, and why recovering Paul in his Jewish context can help build a better understanding between Jews and Christians today. LinksBridge Builders Forum: https://www.bridgebuildersforum.comThe Weird Apostle: https://ryanlambertforum.com/books

How does the Bible interpret itself?In this episode of Water into Wine, I sit down with Dr. Matthew Halsted to explore how Scripture is read within its original context—looking at how the New Testament uses the Old Testament, and how Second Temple literature like the Dead Sea Scrolls and 1 Enoch help us better understand that world.We discuss:What hermeneutics really is (and why you can’t avoid it)How Scripture interprets Scripture (OT → OT, NT → OT)The difference between quotations, allusions, and echoesHow groups like the Dead Sea Scrolls community read the BibleHow Paul and Second Temple Jews interpret the same passages differentlyWhat 1 Enoch reveals about ancient biblical interpretationThis conversation is all about returning to the original context of Scripture—so we can understand it more clearly today.Guest: Dr. Matthew HalstedWebsite: https://matthewhalsted.com/Dr. Matthew Halsted is a biblical scholar, professor, and Anglican priest who teaches at Eternity Bible College. He holds a PhD in philosophical hermeneutics and biblical studies and specializes in how the New Testament interprets the Old Testament.Books:Paul and the Meaning of ScriptureThe End of the World as You Know It0:09 Welcome to Water into Wine (Intro)2:30 What is Hermeneutics? (How to Interpret the Bible)10:16 Why We All Interpret the Bible Differently12:20 Two Keys to Interpreting Scripture Correctly20:13 Is Reading the Bible Alone Enough?23:30 Scripture Interpreting Scripture (Jeremiah 25 & Daniel 9)30:16 Quotations, Allusions & Echoes (NT Use of OT)35:30 How Second Temple Jews Interpreted the Bible37:30 Dead Sea Scrolls Explained (Pesharim & Interpretation)41:00 Dead Sea Scrolls & John the Baptist Parallels45:00 What is the Apocrypha? Why It Matters47:30 What is 1 Enoch? (Second Temple Context)50:46 Why Does Jude Quote 1 Enoch?57:00 New Testament Use of Enoch & Jewish Tradition59:10 The Shema Explained (To Hear is to Obey)1:02:00 Final Thoughts on Interpreting Scripture