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The American economic engine is the greatest wealth producing machine the world has ever known. At the turn of the 20th century, it produced $4 billion in revenue for the American people. Last year it produced $30 trillion: A 4,000 percent increase. In 1900, a handful of individuals, known as robber barons, owned 70% of the nation’s assets. In 1950, less than 3% of the American population owned stocks. Today, 60 percent of American families own stock and 73 percent of the national wealth.

We can attribute the growth of the American economic engine to our capitalist system and the ingenuity and determination of the American people. The shift in the ownership of its output came about in 1975 with the introduction of the 401k program. The acronym, 401k comes from a section in the tax code which allows workers to deduct a portion of their wages and invest it in a tax-sheltered account, to be used later, in their retirement years.

The magnitude and importance of today’s 401k program is staggering. There are over 90 million plan participants, who own a total of $12 trillion in assets. In addition to this, there has been another 30 million Americans who have retired and rolled their assets over into an IRA, bringing the total value of the program to over $35 trillion. This is a figure 15 percent larger than the current Gross Domestic Product. And last year, these assets produced $1.5 trillion in additional wealth because their owners had the forethought and discipline to forego instant gratification and the dedication to wisely manage their 401k.

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Tis the season where we titillate our naïve young people with the story of a mystical elderly gentleman who rewards his followers with gifts, the quality of which is based on their year-to-date behavior.

An argument can be made that Mr. Market rewards his followers in a similar fashion. The mission of this episode of my podcast is to provide you with some perspective on how Mr. Market treated his followers in the year 2025. As you listen to this, I respectfully request that you keep the following in mind. First, investing is not a one size fits all proposition. Every investor comes to the table with unique objectives, skill sets, and service provider. Secondly, my remarks are aimed at the 90 million 401(k) participants who are required to manage their own account, but are limited to a menu of mutual funds provided by their employer.

I want to close with a major caveat. Keep in mind that Mr. Market is a composite of many investors, each of which brings their own perspective and skill set to the table. Consequently, in the short-term Mr. Markets activity is random and unpredictable. In this context I asked that you enter 2026 with an open and flexible perspective and do not consider what I have said about 2025 in any way shape or form as a prediction to how 2026 will unfold.

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The Wizard of Oz is about a Kansas farm girl who is traveling along a yellow brick road to get to the City of Oz, home to a person with special powers whom she believes can solve all her problems. Along the way she finds some odd characters who are seeking a heart, a mind and courage. When they arrive in the presence of supposedly omnipotent Wizard of Oz, they pull back the curtain to discover that he is just an ordinary man from Omaha, Nebraska, using mechanical trickery to conceal his real self.

There is a parallel between the Wizard of Oz and your 401(k). For decades Wall Street professionals have used vocabulary to create an illusion of investment superiority. But the curtain that hid Wall Street’s truth has been pulled back and their deception has been revealed. Millions of ordinary investors have discovered that through the use of the unique features of a 401(k) and index funds, they already have the skills they need to outperform the pros. In this insightful episode of my podcast, I will explore many of the vocabulary terms Wall Street types use to distinguish themselves from ordinary strap hangers like you and I.

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