The use of sound or acoustic energy in medicine has evolved from the ancient diagnostic method used by ⁠Hippocrates by placing his ear to the chest. However, we had to wait 2,000 years for the invention of the ⁠stethoscope⁠. Today, acoustic energy is used in diagnostic imaging called ultrasound that has revolutionized obstetrics and cardiology, while therapeutic applications of sound have resulted in shockwave lithotripsy to break up kidney stones, destroy tumors. This episode explores new uses of sound energy.

Great trauma systems do not prevent trauma; they limit the carnage, disability, and chaos that are its consequence. Preventing trauma is the work of public policy and organizations like the Georgia Trauma Foundation. Seat belt laws, helmet laws, and air bag requirements have saved literally millions of lives. But technology, policy, education, and awareness have limits. Reckless driving, driving while intoxicated, and the use of cell phones while driving are some of the root causes that speak to a crisis of personal accountability and the inherent irrationality of the human condition. Worse, they decry hubris, selfishness, and lack of civility that jeopardizes not just the driver’s life, but the passengers and bystanders who are placed at risk.

If you’ve ever gone with your gut to make a decision or felt butterflies in your stomach when nervous, you’re likely getting signals from an unexpected source: your second brain. Hidden in the walls of the digestive system, this brain in your gut is revolutionizing medicine’s understanding of the links between digestion, mood, behavior, health, and even the way you think. Add increased understanding of the influence gut bacteria has on disease and health, called our microbiome, and we may begin to grasp that our gut or gastrointestinal system has a much more complex role in human health beyond nutrition and energy, as we learn on this episode.