In this episode of The Economist Next Door, host Paul Mueller is joined by AIER colleagues Tom Savidge and Julia Cartwright to examine one of the most persistent claims in American politics: that billionaires pay little or nothing in federal taxes while ordinary workers carry the burden.

The conversation breaks down the federal tax system — including taxes on income, capital gains, corporate earnings, and payrolls — showing why headlines about the ultra-wealthy often obscure reality. Along the way, the scholars explain why high-income earners still account for a disproportionate share of federal revenue even as the code contains a maze of deductions, exemptions, credits, and loopholes.

The scholars explore the deeply convoluted — and often regressive — nature of the tax system, including the compliance costs, incentives, and distortions it creates for workers, investors, and entrepreneurs alike. The discussion touches on the "Bootleggers and Baptists" dynamic in tax policy, where moral arguments about fairness often align with the interests of well-connected groups that benefit from preserving complexity and special carveouts. The episode also examines the Laffer Curve and the idea that excessively high tax rates can discourage productive activity and ultimately reduce economic growth and tax revenue.

What would a simpler, less distortionary tax system look like? And why is meaningful reform so difficult? Listen and find out!

What is the Austrian school of economics—and why does it still shape debates about markets, money, and government today? In this episode of The Economist Next Door, host Paul Mueller is joined by economists Pete Earle and Jeff Degner to break down one of the most influential—and controversial—traditions in economic thought.

From the marginal revolution to modern debates over central banking, they explore how Austrian economists think about prices, knowledge, and human behavior. The conversation covers the socialist calculation debate, the role of interest rates in boom-bust cycles, and why ideas from Mises and Hayek continue to resonate in business, finance, and policy circles today. It also asks a provocative question: Who is the greatest economist to ever live?