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Episode 48 Osteoporosis

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Intro Music: KI Instrumental (Rock Celtic) by Lyrium-2025

Outro Music: A Promise Kept by Alex Grohl

Courtesy of Pixabay under Creative Commons non-commercial use.

Produced by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Edited by: Todd Fredricks DO MSS

Answers for Episode 47 Fibromyalgia

Question 1: Pathophysiology

A 42-year-old woman presents with chronic widespread pain, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties. Functional MRI reveals increased activation in the posterior insula and secondary somatosensory cortex. Which of the following neurotransmitters is most likely elevated in her cerebrospinal fluid and contributes to her pain hypersensitivity?

B. Substance P

Question 2: Diagnosis

According to the 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, which of the following combinations is sufficient to establish a diagnosis of fibromyalgia?

C. WPI = 5, SSS = 9, symptoms for 3 months

Question 3: Treatment

A 50-year-old female with fibromyalgia is started on pharmacologic therapy. Which of the following medications is FDA-approved for fibromyalgia and has shown efficacy at doses of 300–600 mg/day?

B. Pregabalin

Paper for Next Week:

Mikahla E. Gay, Jose G. Lima, Vanessa Vieites, Starlie C. Belnap, Richard Morgan
Comparison of Diagnostic Modalities for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review, Cureus, September 17, 2025

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