In this episode, we sit down with world-renowned futurist Bruce McCabe to cut through the hype of large language models like ChatGPT and explore the "stunningly optimistic" reality of Specialist (Narrow) AI.

Bruce shares insights from his global travels to research labs, explaining why the future of medicine isn’t one "God-like" AI, but rather a "hive mind" of tens of thousands of highly trained, testable, and trustworthy specialist systems. From early tumor detection in radiology to the revolutionary protein-folding predictions of AlphaFold, we discuss how AI is incrementally building toward a more precise and efficient healthcare system.

Key Discussion Points:

• Moving Beyond the Hype: Why the current "AI correction" is only about large language models, and why narrow AI is actually underhyped.
• The Power of Specialist Systems: How AI trained on specific datasets (like 100,000 X-rays) achieves higher reliability and lower false-positive rates than general models.
• The "Hive Mind" Concept: A future where thousands of specialist AIs interact to provide comprehensive patient care while maintaining data anonymity.
• Trust and Testing: How we measure the trustworthiness of AI in dermatology and diagnostics through historical clinical data.
• Edge Computing & Privacy: Solving the patient privacy dilemma by using Small Language Models (SLMs) that live on local hospital servers rather than the cloud.
• The Next Frontier: The role of AI in material science, drug construction, and programmable medicines like CAR T-cell therapy.

About Our Guest:

Bruce McCabe is a futurist, speaker, and author who spends half the year visiting scientists and innovators around the world to understand how technology will shape our future. You can find his research and book him for speaking engagements at BruceMcCabe.com.

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In this episode of DarshanTalks, host and attorney-pharmacist Darshan Kulkarni deconstructs the legal "scorched-earth" offensive currently reshaping the weight loss drug industry. Following the February 2026 announcement that the GLP-1 shortage is officially resolved, the "Golden Age" for compounders has vanished overnight, leaving companies like Hims & Hers in the crosshairs of both the FDA and Novo Nordisk.

Darshan takes us from the tragic "ghost" of the 2012 NECC fungal meningitis outbreak to the modern-day "Compounding Wild West." We explore the crucial differences between Section 503A and 503B pharmacies and why adding Vitamin B12 to a patented molecule isn't the "customization" compounders claim it is.
Key topics include:

• The NECC Legacy: How a 2012 tragedy created the Drug Quality and Security Act (DQSA) and why the FDA is using it to end the mass-marketing of copycat drugs.
• The Science of the "Bluff": Why "not adulterated" does not mean "safe and effective" under the FD&C Act.
• Novo Nordisk vs. Hims & Hers: The billion-dollar patent battle and why the DOJ is now getting involved.
• The Shortage Shield: What happens to telehealth platforms the moment the FDA "Shortage" flag disappears.

Don't let your healthcare be decided by an Instagram ad. Understand the intersection of biochemistry and federal law to protect your health and your practice.

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In this episode, I sit down with FDA compliance attorney Heather Butos to unpack two topics most cosmetic pros ignore until it’s too late: INCI (ingredient) names and MOCRA (the new cosmetic law).

We talk about how ingredient naming is not just labeling, it’s a strategic business decision that can make or break product marketing. Heather breaks down how the Personal Care Products Council influences naming conventions, why companies struggle to sell ingredients when they can’t describe them well, and what’s actually allowed under FDA rules.

We also dive into the Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act (MOCRA). We discuss what’s already in effect, what’s still vague, and why this transition period is both confusing and critical. Along the way we share real-world GMP audit stories, how COVID shaped compliance, and why walking the factory floor gives better regulatory insight than just reading guidance documents.

This is not your typical cosmetic compliance talk. If you make or sell cosmetics, personal care products, or ingredients, pay attention.

Show Notes (Bulleted)

• What are INCI names and why they exist
• The Personal Care Products Council and how INCI naming works
• How ingredient naming crosses into marketing strategy
• Real-world examples of label creativity and regulatory risk
• Making sense of MOCRA — what’s live, what’s stuck
• Why registration, adverse event reporting, and safety substantiation matter now
• What we still don’t know about cosmetic GMP enforcement
• GMP audits vs desk compliance — why experience matters
• U.S. vs EU regulatory contrast (quick take)
• Tips for staying compliant while FDA rules evolve

What You’ll Learn

• How to think about ingredient names as part of your product strategy
• What’s actually required vs what’s still vague in cosmetic regulation
• How the naming process works with industry groups
• How MOCRA changes the compliance landscape
• Real compliance lessons from factory audits

Resources Mentioned

• Personal Care Products Council
• MOCRA (Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act)
• Cosmetic registration and listing
• Adverse event reporting basics

Who This Is For

• Cosmetic brand owners and founders
• Ingredient suppliers and formulators
• Regulatory affairs professionals
• Legal and compliance teams
• Anyone confused by cosmetic labeling rules

Recommended Chapters (Timestamped)

Use these in Buzzsprout chapter markers:

0:00 — Intro
1:30 — What INCI ingredient names are
3:30 — How ingredient naming affects marketing
7:00 — Creative labeling and regulatory limits
10:00 — GMP audits and manufacturing reality
13:50 — What MOCRA is
16:30 — Which MOCRA rules are live
19:00 — What’s still vague or coming
21:30 — EU vs US differences
24:00 — Tips for compliance
27:00 — Outro

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Life sciences M&A is picking up again, but today’s deals look nothing like they did two years ago.

In this episode, Darshan Kulkarni sits down with Stephanie Trunk, Partner at ArentFox Schiff, to unpack what’s really driving renewed deal activity and what buyers are still missing in diligence. From U.S. manufacturing incentives and drug pricing exposure to China risk, DOJ enforcement, compliance culture, and AI, this conversation goes beyond headlines and into deal reality.

If you are buying, selling, or advising life sciences companies, this episode is a must-listen.

Key Topics Discussed

• Why life sciences M&A slowed down and why it’s back
• The shift from mega-deals to asset-specific acquisitions
• Why U.S. manufacturing location now affects deal value
• Accelerated approvals and “Buy America” incentives
• Drug pricing risks buyers can no longer ignore
• ASP, inflation rebates, Medicaid rebate cap removal, and 340B pressure
• Political risk in drug pricing and government scrutiny
• China partnerships, data transfer rules, and biosecurity concerns
• Direct-to-patient models and new HIPAA exposure
• Using Sunshine Act and other public data in diligence
• Compliance programs, culture, and successor liability
• Why compliance issues still rarely kill deals
• The emerging role of AI in diligence and enforcement
• The IP diligence problem no one wants to solve

Why This Episode Matters

Life sciences deals are no longer just about science and revenue projections. Manufacturing geography, pricing exposure, compliance culture, data security, and enforcement risk now directly shape valuation and post-close outcomes.

Ignoring these issues does not make them go away. It just shifts the risk to the buyer.

Guest

Stephanie Trunk
Partner, ArentFox Schiff
Life Sciences | CMS | OIG | Reimbursement | Fraud & Abuse

Stephanie advises pharmaceutical, biotech, and device companies on regulatory risk, government pricing, and transaction diligence.

📧 stephanie.trunk@afslaw.com

🔗 ArentFox Schiff Life Sciences Blog

Host

Darshan Kulkarni
Founder, Kulkarni Law Firm
Host, DarshanTalks

📧 darshan@kulkarnilawfirm.com

🔗 LinkedIn: Darshan Kulkarni

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Questions or ideas for future episodes? Reach out anytime.

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A brief discussion on the various cosmetic ingredients used by cosmetic manufacturers and the concerns FDA has recently found as a result of their own study into the process

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Federal enforcement is changing. Regulators aren’t just going after companies anymore. They’re naming CEOs, CMOs, heads of clinical, quality, and operations in consent decrees and injunctions. Once your name is on that document, it follows you for years and shapes your career.

In this episode we unpack:

• Why enforcement has shifted toward individual accountability
• How repeated compliance failures trigger personal liability
• Data integrity and why it matters more than ever
• Why clinical research and telehealth are now in regulators’ crosshairs
• What personal obligations look like inside a consent decree
• What executives should be doing now to protect themselves

If you lead in an FDA-regulated space, this one matters.

Get show notes and resources at www.kulkarnilawfirm.com

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Everyone’s talking about the new food pyramid like it’s diet advice. I’m here to tell you it’s regulatory policy in disguise. In this episode I break down why this change matters beyond grocery aisles: school meal rules, food labeling, federal purchasing, and how the government quietly reshapes what counts as “healthy.” If you think this is just about fats and grains, think again. This affects prices, marketing claims, and what ends up on kids’ plates. I’m a food and drug lawyer focused on how policy becomes enforcement, and I’ll tell you what you need to know in straight language.

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Episode Description

In this episode, Darshan Kulkarni sits down with former FDA Commissioner Robert Califf for a wide-ranging conversation on FDA authority, politics, guidance, and public trust. From the loss of Chevron deference to the role of FDA as a referee, Dr. Califf explains how regulation really works and why wealth inequality has become the most serious health issue in the United States.

Episode Summary

What does it really take to run the FDA, and how political should the agency be? Former FDA Commissioner Robert Califf reflects on his path to the role, the skills a commissioner actually needs, and why FDA must act as an impartial referee rather than a political actor. The conversation explores guidance versus regulation, the loss of Chevron deference, industry expertise, the revolving door debate, and how social determinants of health shape outcomes far more than medicine alone. A candid, opinionated look at regulation from someone who has seen every side of it.

Key Topics Discussed

• How Dr. Califf became FDA Commissioner twice
• Why FDA should act as a referee, not a combatant
• Guidance documents and how they really function
• Politics, policy, and product level decision making
• Preparing for the loss of Chevron deference
• Wealth inequality as the biggest health problem in the U.S.
• Social determinants of health and FDA’s role
• Generic drugs, tobacco, and public health impact
• Digital health hype versus real-world impact
• The FDA–industry revolving door debate

Why This Episode Matters

As courts, politicians, and industry challenge agency authority, understanding how FDA decision making actually works matters more than ever. This episode explains what regulation can and cannot do, where political pressure becomes dangerous, and why ignoring inequality undermines health outcomes no matter how advanced the science becomes.

Guest

Robert Califf
Former Commissioner, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Instructor in Medicine, Duke University

Dr. Califf has served twice as FDA Commissioner and brings decades of experience across clinical medicine, academia, industry, and government.

Host

Darshan Kulkarni
Founder, The Kulkarni Law Firm
Host, DarshanTalks

Call to Action

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