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🔥 Remilk and Halachic Status of Lab-Created “Milk” – Remilk is an Israeli product that **copies the gene for cow milk protein (BLG)** and inserts it into yeast, which through fermentation produces **milk-identical proteins**. – These proteins are then blended with **non-animal fats, sugars, vitamins, and minerals** to create dairy-like products with **no lactose, cholesterol, hormones, or antibiotics**. – The company claims there is **no cow or animal source at all** in the process; it is positioned as “milk without cows.” – They report **Israeli kosher pareve certification**, including from **Badatz Igud Rabbanim** and the **Chief Rabbinate of Israel**, and advertise that it is **halachically pareve**. – Contrast with **lab-grown meat**: – Lab meat often begins with cells taken from animals; this raises **“yotzei min ha’asur asur”** issues and questions of **shechita / issur cheilev / ever min hachai**, etc. – Remilk claims to avoid these because it **does not start from animal tissue**. – Assuming the factual claim is correct (no animal source), halachically it can be treated as **kosher pareve** with no issue of “yotzei min ha’asur.” – However, there is a major **mar’it ayin concern** when used with meat: – It **tastes, looks, and functions like real milk**, including curdling and cheese-making. – Chazal imposed mar’it ayin restrictions on **human milk with meat**: • Human milk is technically kosher (not “gidulei ha’aretz”) and not basar bechalav. • Yet **cooking meat in human milk** is rabbinically forbidden because it looks like meat-and-milk. • If only a small amount of human milk is mixed and is not visible, one may rely on bitul; e.g., rinsing a baby bottle of breast milk in a fleishig sink is permitted. – Parallel cases: • **Dam dagim (fish blood)** is kosher but must be served with **scales visible** to avoid mar’it ayin. • **Almond milk with meat**: Gemara and Rambam say to place **almonds next to it** so observers recognize it is not dairy. • Some discuss whether the same applies to human milk; Rambam is more lenient by **chicken with almond milk**, since chicken-and-milk is only derabbanan. – For Remilk, which **fully mimics dairy**, mar’it ayin is potentially stronger than with almond milk, which is essentially “nut juice.” – Practical implication: – **Drinking Remilk alone** is halachically fine (assuming valid supervision). – **Using it with meat / at a fleishig meal / in a fleishig restaurant** raises mar’it ayin concerns, at least **until the product becomes widely known** and recognized as pareve. – Once a practice/product is widely recognized, mar’it ayin can fade (analogy: Rav Schachter’s comment that once it was common for visibly religious Jews to have **kosher food delivered to non-kosher venues**, observers no longer assume they are eating non-kosher food). 📖 Women and Obligation in Kriat HaTorah (Torah Reading) – Question: If a woman comes late to shul and leining has already started: – Should she **delay her own Shacharit** to listen to kriat haTorah? – If she’s in the middle of **Pesukei DeZimra or between Pesukei DeZimra and Shema**, should she pause to listen? – Background question: **Is kriat haTorah a chovat yachid or only chovat hatzibur?** – Some hold it’s mainly a **communal obligation**: if a tzibur already read, an individual who missed is **not required** to seek out another minyan. – Some report that Rav Soloveitchik would sometimes organize a **special minyan for kriat haTorah** (e.g., on a plane), implying he related to it as a serious **individual need**, at least for himself. – Are women obligated? – **Magen Avraham** (cited in **Mishnah Berurah O.C. 282:11**) states that **women are obligated to hear kriat haTorah**, despite being exempt from general Talmud Torah, because this is a **specific takanah** of public Torah reading. – Other poskim (e.g., **Alter Rebbe, Sefer HaChinuch style approaches**) say women are **exempt** from kriat haTorah. – Mishnah Berurah quotes the Magen Avraham but notes: • **“Ein no’hagos l’hizaher b’zeh”** – women are not careful to fulfill this. • Some women even have the **custom to leave** during kriat haTorah. – Common practice: women are **not treated as strictly obligated** to hear leining. – If a woman is present during kriat haTorah: – **Piskei Teshuvot** notes she should not **talk, disturb, or disrespect** the Torah reading. – Implication: if she is in shul and staying in the room, she ideally **should listen** and not treat the time as background for unrelated activity. – Practical answers: – She is **...
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