Why does pressure change when you open a tap? This Phase 2 episode helps Level 2 and Level 3 Diploma learners connect force, pressure and flow in plumbing systems.

Chris Bailey links mass, gravity and area to pressure in familiar cold water systems. Worked examples help plumbing apprentices connect construction theory with pipework, outlets and gauges. Use the session for UK plumbing revision, with pressure conversions, head and flow calculations explained step by step. The focus is practical plumbing exam preparation, not memorising formulas without understanding them.

You will learn to:

• Explain force, gravity and pressure using plumbing examples.
• Apply pressure = force ÷ area.
• Compare static and velocity pressure, and gauge and absolute pressure.
• Convert between bar, kPa and Pa, and estimate pressure from metres head.
• Calculate flow rate using cross-sectional area × velocity.
• Explain how pipe size, length, material, valves and bends affect flow.
• Calculate equivalent pipe length using the values supplied in the example.

Try the equivalent-length example with pulled bends instead of elbows, then explain why the result changes.

force and pressure, flow rate, pressure head, phase 2, level 2 diploma, level 3 diploma

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