Dr. G explains how lidocaine works, why its chemistry matters, and how too much—especially on open, inflamed, or diabetic wounds—can cause serious central nervous system and cardiac toxicity.

The episode covers safe dosing calculations, differences between wound types, safer alternatives for anesthesia, and first-aid steps if toxicity occurs, emphasizing caution and medical supervision.

Dr. G breaks down the Unna boot: its origin, ingredients (zinc oxide, glycerin, gelatin), and how its semi‑rigid, inelastic compression helps venous stasis ulcers. He compares Unna boots to modern multi‑layer systems, explains the pressure mechanics and therapeutic targets, and highlights practical application tips.

Key cautions are emphasized: always assess vascular status/ABI before compressing, avoid use with critical arterial disease, heavy drainage, active infection, non‑ambulatory patients, or purely neuropathic plantar ulcers. Compression must be individualized and combined with correct diagnosis and overall wound care.

Dr. Tom Hardiman DPM draws on decades of experience in podiatry and limb salvage to reveal how systemic inequities and barriers to care drive preventable amputations in people with diabetes. He explains the social determinants of health—housing instability, food insecurity, lack of transportation—and how unequal access to vascular care, nutrition, and timely treatment leads to worse outcomes for underserved communities.

Hardiman shares personal patient stories, emphasizes the importance of patient advocacy and education, and calls for policy changes that prioritize health equity over profit to reduce the 175,000 annual amputations in the U.S. and improve limb salvage for everyone.