Glen Cousquer’s interdisciplinary background in veterinary work, education, and human geography shapes his focus on awareness-basedpractice. In this episode we discuss a paper he published in 2023:

Cousquer, G. (2023). From domination to dialogue and the ethics of the between: transforming human-working equine relationships in mountain tourism. Austral journal of veterinary sciences, 55(1), 35-60.

It’s available at this link: https://www.scielo.cl/pdf/australjvs/v55n1/0719-8132-australjvs-55-01-35.pdfand really rewards reading.

In our discussion we explore how professional training can narrow attention, so that practitioners miss the wider context and relationships that influence an animal’s welfare.

Drawing on a 1995 experience in Morocco andlater work in the High Atlas, Glen describes mules whose pack-saddle injuries are plain to trekkers yet overlooked by guides and obscured by the systems around the animal. He introduces the idea of response-ability, which directs attention to agency and reciprocity in light of the constraints faced by seasonal muleteers. He also discusses how traditional bits can cause severe mouth trauma, and how practices that go unseen can normalise harm and silence animals.

A case study follows Mohammed’s move to a head collar, supported by his employer, his family, reflective video and agentle mule. We hear how reviewing trek footage prompted group conversations about animal care and exploitative tourism arrangements, and how Joanna Macy’s Work That Reconnects spiral informs Glen’s approach. The conversation closes on the entangled realities of retirement and end-of-life care for working equids,and what they mean for collective change.

His most recent paper which expands on some of the themes inthe 2023 paper is

Cousquer, G. (2026). From the bit to the between: an autoethnography of friendship. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 13, 1865934.

It is available at this link: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science/articles/10.3389/fvets.2026.1865934/full

Glen mentions Scharmer’s Theory U – you can find out more atthis link:

https://www.presencing.org/theoryu

JohnMuir (1838-1914) was a Scottish-born ecological thinker and environmental advocate widely regarded as the founder of the modern conservation movement. This website provides resources on his life and work:https://www.johnmuirtrust.org/about-us/about-john-muir

Joanna Macy (1929-2025) was an American scholar of Buddhism, systems theory and deep ecology. You can read more about her work at: https://www.joannamacy.net/main

Glen’s other research output is available on Google Scholar:

https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4elQtg4AAAAJ

Glen has also written a book on exploring nature inEdinburgh:

https://www.simonandschuster.com/authors/Glen-Cousquer/249045325

What if the problem in equestrian sport isn't the riders who make the headlines, but the culture that produced them?

In December, five-star eventer Matt Brown and FEI dressage rider Cecily Clark posted an open letter to the equestrian world. It struck a nerve — thousands of reactions and a flood of private messages from people who'd felt the same unease but thought they were the only one.

In this episode, the husband-and-wife team behind East West Training Stables sit down with Karen and Meta to talk about what it really costs to compete at the top, and why Matt describes being named an Olympic alternate as one of the lowest moments of his career. Together they move the conversation away from singling out individuals and toward something harder to look at: the culture we've built around competition, and the things we've simply grown to accept.

Along the way they explore the horses who've gone quiet in the warm-up ring — shut down, chins to their chests — the education gap that leaves even professionals unsure how a horse actually sees the world, and why choosing the slower, kinder path so often feels like failure long before it feels like progress.

An honest, generous conversation about welfare, culture, and change — and why none of us needs to be perfect to start trying to do better.

📩 Read the open letter that started it all

"It's in their constitution to be injured."

"We've bred them to be like this."

Both of these came up in the same conversation — and the paradox sitting between them is one of the patterns Jessie McCarthy's research surfaces about how racing talks to itself about risk.

In this week's episode, Karen and Meta sit down with Jessie McCarthy, a final-year veterinary student at the University of Surrey, with a Master's in Animal Welfare, Ethics and Law from the University of Glasgow. Her recently published paper, co-authored with Euan Bennett and Heather Cameron-Whytock, takes a less common approach to social licence in racing: rather than starting from outside the sport, she interviewed twelve insiders about how they perceive the risks horses face, and the language they reach for when things go wrong.

What emerges is a quietly revealing portrait of a sport in conversation with itself. Risk often gets reframed as a communication problem rather than a welfare one.

Responsibility gets dispersed across the sport — until, as Jessie's research shows, it often quietly settles on the horses themselves. Their fragility. Their nature. Their breeding.

But of course — we bred them.

In this conversation, we explore:

• Why the words we reach for ("accident," "incident," "adverse event") shape what we believe is possible
• How tradition and identity in the horse world can act as a brake on reform
• Pin firing, generational change, and what the next generation of equine vets is choosing differently
• Why a horse's welfare may be shaped less by race day than by the other 360 days
• The question of equine consent — and why only one of twelve stakeholders raised it
• And, offered any wish in the world, Jessie's is gloriously simple: more turnout, more friends, more forage

A thoughtful, generous conversation with a young vet whose research invites the horse world — insiders and outsiders alike — to reflect on the stories we've inherited.

🎧 Subscribe and share with someone who loves horses.

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📧 team@changingrein.com.au

#ChangingRein #EquineWelfare #SocialLicence #Racing

We love our animals. But is that enough?

Captive animal welfare specialist Georgina Groves joins Karen and Meta for a conversation about the uncomfortable gap between what we know about animal welfare and what we actually do.

Georgina's work takes her into some of the world's most under-resourced zoos — but the parallels she draws for horse people are striking. Stables that haven't meaningfully changed in a century. Animals who've forgotten how to be their own species. A health-centric idea of care that protects the body while quietly constraining the life.

This is an episode about welfare washing, moral duty, and the difference between caring for an animal and caring about one.

Featuring the story of four bears who had to relearn how to be bears — and what that might mean for the horses in our care.

🎧 Listen in, then join the conversation.

Guest: Georgina Groves, captive animal welfare specialist and co-founder of Wild Welfare

Hosts: Dr Karen Luke and Meta Osborne

GEORGINA'S LINKEDIN POSTLINK TO WILD WELFARE

Erica Cheung is a horse owner, mixed-practice (including equine) vet clinic co-owner, and PhD candidate living in rural central Alberta, Canada. She obtained a Bachelor of Science from the University of Alberta, a Master of Science in clinical animal behaviour, and is currently studying under the supervision of Professor Daniel Mills and Dr. Beth Ventura for her PhD at the University of Lincoln, UK. She has lectured at the University of Alberta on One Health, animal behaviour and welfare. Her PhD work is focused on the sociocultural factors that may influence how performance horses are trained and managed.

What happens when you look — really look — at how dressage is judged?

In this episode of Changing Rein, PhD researcher Cristina Wilkins shares a finding that genuinely surprised us: the Dressage Judging Guidelines mention the requirement to maintain contact 37 times — and visible rein releases are penalised. The longer the release, the greater the penalty.

For anyone trained in learning theory, that's a confronting discovery. Horses learn through pressure and release. So what happens when the release never comes?

Using extraordinary high-speed photography from fine artist Crispin Johansson — capturing up to 60 frames per second during competition — Cristina and her research team have been able to examine entire dressage tests frame by frame. What they're seeing raises important questions about the gap between what we say good training looks like and what the rules actually reward.

This conversation also explores how equipment like tight nosebands and even artificial foaming agents can mask signs of horse discomfort, and also introduces the concept of hypersensitisation - a possible explanation for why horses continue to perform even without the release that ethical training principles require.

This isn't about blame. It's about looking more closely at what's happening and asking whether the rules we ride by match the welfare outcomes we all want.

Guest: Cristina Wilkins — PhD candidate (University of New England), equitation science researcher, and co-author of multiple peer-reviewed papers on horse welfare.

Hosts: Dr Karen Luke & Meta Osborne

In this episode, we're joined by Cristina Wilkins to explore some fascinating - and important - questions emerging from elite equestrian sport. Drawing on her recent article in Horses and People magazine, Cristina walks us through the revised FEI blood rule in show jumping and what it signals about the direction of welfare policy at the top level. From there, we get curious about what new photographic evidence is revealing: that some elite riders may not be releasing rein pressure the way classical training principles suggest they should. So what does that mean for the horse? And could it help explain why we're seeing signs of hypersensitisation in the mouth and flanks? Cristina helps us connect the dots between training technique, sensory experience, and competitive performance - and asks the kind of questions that can help all of us become more thoughtful horsemen and women.

Cristina Wilkins

Cristina Wilkins is a PhD candidate at the University of New England (UNE), Australia, researching the One Welfare outcomes of human-horse interactions. Her work in exploring how equipment-related pressures affect equine welfare led to an invited presentation to the FEI Veterinary Committee earlier this year. Cristina collaborates with leading welfare scientists on practical tools for assessment, including the Mellorater app, and she developed UNE’s online course Applying the Five Domains Model to the Welfare Assessment of Sport and Recreation Horses. A former international eventing competitor, coach, official, and long-time editor of Horses and People magazine, Cristina combines academic research with deep industry experience. Her science communication and advocacy have supported welfare initiatives across equestrian and racing organisations. She served on the ISES Council (2011–2019) and is a co-author of The 2020 Five Domains Model: Including Human–Animal Interactions in Assessments of Animal Welfare. Cristina lives in Queensland, Australia.

The Innate Health Assessment tool developed by Prof Dan O'Neill and a team from the Royal Veterinary College has been described as revolutionary. In a podcast dedicated to the sustainability of horse sport from a welfare perspective, why are we talking about flat-faced dogs? Because we humans do things to and with animals in our lives that are not always in the animals' best interests, and breeding dogs for extreme conformation is one of those things. The IHA is designed to encourage responsible breeding of dogs so that future generations can lead full and happy lives, free from pain and discomfort.

Dr Dan O’Neill

Professor of Companion Animal Epidemiology, RVC

MVB BSc(Hons) GPCert(SAP) GPCert(FelP) GPCert(Derm) GPCert(B&PS) PGCertVetEd FHEA MSc(VetEpi) PhD FRCVS

Following 22 years in general (mainly small animal) veterinary practice, Dan moved across to academia in 2009 to gain a PhD at the RVC developing VetCompass to harness the power of veterinary clinical records to understand companion animal health at scale.

He has remained at the RVC and co-leads the VetCompass™ Programme. With over 185 peer-reviewed papers, he also co-authored the books ‘Breed Predispositions to Disease in Dogs and Cats’ and ‘Health and Welfare of Brachycephalic (Flat-faced) Companion Animals’. He is a founding member of the UK Brachycephalic Working Group, the UK Legal Advisory Group on Extreme Conformation in Dogs and the International Collaborative on Extreme Conformation in Dogs.

Dan was awarded a Fellowship of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in 2018, the BSAVA Blaine Award for Advancement of Small Animal Science in 2019, the International Canine Health Award from the Kennel Club Charitable Trust in 2021, the UK All Party Parliamentary Group ‘Phillippa Robinson Dog Welfare Award’ in 2024 and the RCVS Impact Award in 2025.

In this conversation, Dan O'Neill discusses his journey from general veterinary practice to academia, highlighting the impact of the 'Pedigree Dogs Exposed' documentary on his career pivot. He introduces Vet Compass, a research initiative aimed at improving animal health through data collection and analysis and the provision of evidence-based support for veterinary practices. The discussion delves into the challenges of traditional veterinary practices, the importance of evidence-based medicine, and the role of human perceptions in animal welfare. O'Neill emphasizes the need for a shift in thinking towards innate health in animals, advocating for a more humane approach to breeding and care.

NOTE: The original Pedigree Dogs Exposed BBC documentary from 2008 that was the lightbulb moment for Dan is no longer available but its follow-up Pedigree Dogs Exposed: Three Years On is available on Prime Video.